Franchising Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Diversifying Marketing - Essay Example Diversifying has been perceived as a fruitful plan of action prompting quickened extension of the new store with neighborhood control of the establishment proprietors guaranteeing lesser monetary dangers with remunerations related with nearby possession which requires lower level of oversight and economies of scale. The most generally acknowledged meaning of an establishment alludes to a legally binding connection between a franchisee (typically taking type of an independent company) and a franchisor (normally a bigger business) wherein the previous consents to create or advertise an item or administration as per the diagram contrived by the franchisor(Stanworth et al. 1995) The executives Structures: Franchising is basically characterized as far as the lawful business understanding between two accomplices, the franchisor and the franchisee. The franchisor, who has recently settled a market-tried business bundle of items or administrations, goes into a proceeding with legally binding relationship with various franchisees, regularly entrepreneurs, who must work their organizations as indicated by the franchisor's predetermined arrangement (Curran and Stanworth, 1983). The franchisor gives a demonstrated strategy for activity, backing, and guidance on the setting up of the new franchisees, and furthermore ensures proceeding with help to the franchisee. Consequently, the franchisee pays a single amount contestant expense and different charges for customary administrations (that is, eminence on deals, publicizing charges, showcasing demand) (Fulop and Forward, 1997). Diversifying has been embraced a development system for some organizations in business with the appearance of globalization. It is a not the same as other type of business. An establishment is a half and half type of business portrayed by complex legally binding courses of action (Eisenhardt, 1989). Despite the fact that numerous establishments work among half breed and the order (unified or authoritative) firm and consolidate both the diversified units just as the organization claimed outlets (Brickley and Dark, 1987) In a half breed activity, the franchisor screens and controls the franchisee inside the cutoff points indicated in the establishment understanding. Interestingly, the franchisor works organization possessed outlets through their position over a concentrated administration or as a progressive association. The asset shortage hypothesis and the office hypothesis clarified the hypothesis of diversifying around the mixture and order types of establishment association. Backing for the organization hypothesis as a reason behind diversifying was considerable. Exploration found that the franchisee inspiration as a specialist was seen to be the most significant methodology of the establishment firms (Oxenfelt and Kelly, 1968-69) while the capital bit of leeway of diversifying, which was proposed by the asset shortage hypothesis, had a low affirmation by the franchisors (Lillis, Narayana and Gilman, 1976). The franchisee's high inspiration was most likely gotten from the idea of the establishment relationship. Diversifying includes a trade connection among franchisor and franchisee which was here and there portrayed as an association or key partnership (Stanworth and Kaufmann, 1996). The franchisee is essentially dealing with an outlet including the corporate system of the franchisor and to a limited degree has a level of self-governance in dealing with the outlet (Dant and Gundlach, 1998). Not at all like the organization possessed administrator, the f ranchisee appreciates more reliance in maintaining the everyday business Franchisee and Franchisor: The

Film Review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Film Review - Assignment Example In light of a genuine story, Missing weave the episode that occurred in Chile in 1973. An American independent columnist Charles Horman (John Shea) with his significant other Beth (Sissy Spacek) is in Chile as the open door presents them with the state of military overthrow to give an account of, during and after the system of Salvador Allande. As the time approaches for the couple to leave Chile to come back to America, Charles is been snatched by the military, which indicates the contribution of the American armed force †a spot where they ought not be available. The accompanying occasions delineate the dad of Charles, a moderate agent attempting to find his child and escape the wilderness of untruths and misleading depicted by the US government office with his girl in law. Like each film created to date, Missing contains a subject, focuses on a particular crowd and has barely any altering weaknesses. The topic of the film can be depicts as tending to the debate that had come about because of Charles Horman execution in 1973 and to unmistakably depict the contribution of US government in the situation. For example, in the beginning of the film Gavras instruct the individuals that the procedure scenes are represented and are reported as well; this infers whatever will be appeared in the film can't be addressed and the scenes are shot in the wake of approving the episode. Thus, we can innocuously accept that the Gavras indicating that the US government was included and the consulate had an influence in supporting or ordering the execution of Chalres Horman is right. In any case, at that point, this specific discussion clearing scenes opened new addressing from the general population just as the legislature. Individuals will in general get increasingly associated with a film if the film depends on a genuine occurrence, as this flick by Gavras falls in a similar classification the crowd focused by the chief was the American resident, on account of the way that the principle casualty of the film was an American and this point had been disputable for a significant stretch of

Where to Find Sneaky Supplements An Experts Guide

Where to Find Sneaky Supplements An Experts Guide Where to Find Sneaky Supplements Where to Find Sneaky Supplements Its a jungle out there, but we dont need to tell you that. Youve been scouring websites clicking on words like Requirements, Apply, and Unicorns (oh wait, no, that was us) trying to see if your dream schools require supplements. Its exhausting, but youre not the only one out here looking out for lions, tigers, and bears. Were here too and we know the corners where supplements are hiding. Usually, you can find the supplements in one of two places. If your school is on the Common App, they should be available under each school. But be warned: Occasionally schools wait to release their supplements until after the Common App release date (Aug. 1), so don’t simply assume that if a supplement isn’t listed that one isn’t required. Another mistake to avoid is checking the Writing Supplement section, seeing an essay, and thinking your search is over. Many schools also have additional essays in the Activities or Academics section. In fact, some schools even have an Additional Information section that is populated with required short answers. If your school is on the Coalition, you will need to fill out the standard logistical information first in order to access the essays. So type in your address, moms name, dogs name, whatever it is they want! Then head over to the essay section and look in there. Your safest bet is to comb through the entire application to make sure there are no supplements waiting to jump out at you the night before the deadline when youre ready to submit. The second source for the supplemental prompts is the school websites. This is the most reliable place to find information about a school’s supplemental essay requirements. The prompts are often listed in the “Admissions” section, or on a school’s admissions-specific blog. In many cases schools release their supplemental essay questions well in advance of the Common App live date, so keep your eyes peeled and your ears perked. The admissions section of school websites is also the place you want to look for essay questions if you’re applying to a school that isn’t affiliated with the Common Application. Finally, if youve exhausted those methods, you can take a look at our supplemental essay guide, where we have breakdowns of essay prompts for over 20 schools. You might even find some useful info while youre browsing! About CEA HQView all posts by CEA HQ » Want access to successful supplemental essay examples? We've got what you need. REAL COLLEGE ESSAY EXAMPLES »

Shirley Graham Du Bois Activist, Composer, Writer

Shirley Graham Du Bois is known for her  civil rights work and for her writings especially about African American and African historical figures. Her second husband was W.E.B. Du Bois. She became something of a pariah in American civil rights circles with her later association with communism, leading to much neglect of her role in black American history Early Years and First Marriage Shirley Graham was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1896, daughter of a minister who held positions in Louisiana, Colorado and the state of Washington. She developed an interest in music, and often played piano and organ at her father’s churches. After she graduated from high school in 1914 in Spokane, she took business courses and worked in offices in Washington.   She also played organ in music theatres; the theatres were whites-only but she remained backstage. In 1921, she married and soon had two sons. The marriage ended – according to some accounts, she was widowed in 1924, though other sources have the marriage ending in divorce in 1929. Evolving Career Now a single mother of two young boys, she traveled with her parents to Paris in 1926 when her father was en route to a new job in Liberia as president of a college there. In Paris, she studied music, and when she came back to the states, she briefly attended Howard University to study music there.   From 1929 to 1931 she taught at Morgan College, then returned to her studies at Oberlin College. She graduated with a bachelor’s degree in 1934 and earned her master’s degree in 1935. She was hired by the Tennessee Agricultural and Industrial State College in Nashville to lead their fine arts department. After a year, she left to join a project of the Works Project Administration’s Federal Theatre Project, and served as director in 1936 to 1938 of the Chicago Negro Unit where she taught and directed plays. With a creative writing scholarship, she then began a Ph.D. program at Yale, writing plays that saw production, using that medium to explore racism.   She did not complete the program, and instead went to work for the YWCA.   First she directed theatre work in Indianapolis, then went to Arizona to supervise a theatre group sponsored by the YWCA and USO at a base with 30,000 black soldiers. Racial discrimination at the base led to Graham becoming involved in activism for civil rights, and she lost her job over that in 1942.   The next year, her son Robert died at an army recruiting station, receiving poor medical treatment, and that increased her commitment to work against discrimination. W.E.B. Du Bois Looking for some employment, she contacted civil rights leader W.E.B. Du Bois whom she’d met through her parents when she was in her twenties, and who was almost 29 years older than she was.   She had been corresponding with him for a few years, and hoped that he could help her find work.   She was hired as the NAACP field secretary in New York City in 1943.   She wrote magazine articles and biographies of black heroes to be read by young adults. W.E.B. Du Bois had married his first wife, Nina Gomer, in 1896, the same year Shirley Graham was born.   She died in 1950.   That year, Du Bois ran for Senator in New York on the American Labor Party ticket.   He had become an advocate of communism, believing it was better than capitalism for people of color globally, while recognizing that the Soviet Union also had faults.   But this was the era of McCarthyism, and government, beginning with the FBI keeping track of him in 1942, pursued him aggressively.   In 1950, Du Bois became chairman of an organization to oppose nuclear weapons, the Peace Information Center, which advocated for petitions to governments globally.   The U.S. Justice Department considered the PIC as an agent of a foreign state and when Du Bois and others refused to register the organization as such, the government filed charges.   W.E.B. Du Bois was indicted on February 9 as an unregistered foreign agent.   On February 14, he secretly married Shirl ey Graham, who took his name; as his wife, she could visit him in jail if he was jailed, though the government decided not to jail him.   On February 27, their marriage was repeated in a formal public ceremony.   The groom was 83 years old, the bride 55.   She had, at some point, begun giving an age about ten years younger than her real age;   her new husband talked of a marrying a second wife â€Å"forty years† younger than he was. Shirley Graham Du Bois’ son, David, became close to his stepfather, and eventually changed his last name to Du Bois and worked with him.   She continued to write, now under her new married name. Her husband had been prevented from attending a 1955 conference in Indonesia of 29 non-aligned nations that was the result of years of his own vision and efforts, but in 1958, his passport was restored.   The couple then traveled together, including to Russia and China. McCarthy Era and Exile When the U.S. upheld the McCarran Act in 1961, W.E.B. Du Bois formally and publicly joined the Communist Party as a protest. The year before, the couple had visited Ghana and Nigeria. In 1961, the government of Ghana invited W.E.B. Du Bois to head up a project to create an encyclopedia of the African diaspora, and Shirley and W.E.B. moved to Ghana.   In 1963, the United States refused to renew his passport; Shirley’s passport was also not renewed, and they were unwelcome in their home country.   W.E.B. Du Bois became a citizen of Ghana in protest.   Later that year, in August, he died in Accra in Ghana, and was buried there.   The day after his death, the 1963 March on Washington held a moment of silence in honor of Du Bois. Shirley Graham Du Bois, now widowed and without a U.S. passport, took a job as director of Ghana Television.   In 1967 she moved to Egypt.   The United State government permitted her to visit the U.S. in 1971 and 1975.   In 1973, she sold her husband’s papers to the University of Massachusetts to raise funds.   In 1976, diagnosed with breast cancer, she went to China for treatment, and died there in March of 1977. Background, Family: Mother: Etta BellFather: Rev. David A. Graham, minister in the African Methodist Episcopal churchSiblings: Education: Public schoolsBusiness schoolHoward University, musicOberlin College, A.B. in music, 1934, M.A. in 1935Yale Drama School 1938-1940, Ph.D. program, left before completing the degree Marriage, Children: Husband: Shadrach T. McCanns (married 1921; divorced in 1929 or widowed in 1924, sources differ).   Children: Robert, DavidHusband: W.E.B. Du Bois (married February 14, 1951, with a public ceremony February 27; widowed 1963). No children. Occupation:  writer, musical composer, activist  Dates:  November 11, 1896 – March 27, 1977Also known as:  Shirley Graham, Shirley McCanns, Lola Bell Graham

Writing For The World By Mary Pipher Essay - 1464 Words

All writing comes in many different styles and attracts a certain audience in which it strikes their minds and opens them up to a new world of thinking or looking at things. â€Å"Writing to Connect† by Mary Pipher tells about this concept and elaborates on it greatly to encourage aspiring writers who may be feeling discouraged. Writing to Connect is a chapter in Mary Pipher’s newest book Writing to Change the World, where she discusses the use of powerful writing, changing aspects of the way people view things, and inspiring others to share their own stories and never be afraid of what you feel needs to be shared. Pipher directs the chapter toward aspiring writers to tell her audience they should never give up and inspires them with the use of rhetorical choices. Specific rhetorical choices provide further support for Pipher’s purpose of writing the chapter, she effectively writes to show her audience it’s never wrong to write what they feel, and to take chances in their writing. In â€Å"Writing to Connect† by Mary Pipher, she urges aspiring writers to push past their comfort zone of writing with the use of identification, personal anecdotes, and historical texts/occasions to effectively persuade them to never give up on what they feel needs to be said through writing. Mary Pipher uses identification multiple times in her article to show the â€Å"common ground† she has with her audience. Pipher uses specific words and phrases to show her audience she knows how they’re feeling. SheShow MoreRelatedWriting For Change The World900 Words   |  4 PagesWriting is Stupid This is stupid! Why do we even have to write essays, what’s the point? How do I even start this? That is what my writing and thought process consist of. I complain and procrastinate until the last minute, that’s why this is being done the night before the due date. I’m just like many other students according to Gary Goshgarian introduction to Anne Lamott’s article, â€Å"Getting Started†, whose â€Å"biggest writing challenge is simply getting started† (Goshgarian, 94). Along with many ofRead MoreThe And Writing Of An Audience By Linda Flower, Getting Started By Anne Lamott914 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 2 defined three stages in the writing process which are Writing for an Audience by Linda Flower, Getting Started by Anne Lamott, and Writing to Change the World by Mary Pipher which are all important articles as narrated by each author. After I have read all these three steps, I chose getting started in writing as the most important stage and I will show you the readers how I came about this statement through Anne Lamott’s article. Lamott provided knowledge, references and experiencesRead MoreSummary Of Oh, For Craft s Sake !1056 Words   |  5 PagesImagine a world where the craft of writing did not exist, where each text had no white space, no syntax or meaning, no emotional connection to the reader--just random words. This project will put forth every effort to show the value of making tangible text from the conversion of imaginative concepts onto paper by the craft of a writer to make use of the written word. Ask any writer, agent or publisher, and they will most likely say the goal of writing is publication. That goal—writing for profit--isRead More Grapes of Wrath Essay: Steinbecks Powerful Style965 Words   |  4 Pageshelps get across the books message.    Early in the 1930s Steinbeck wrote, The trees and the muscled mountains are the world-but not the world apart from man-the world and man-the one inseparable unit man and his environment. Why they should ever have been understood as being separate I do not know.   Steinbeck strove to reconnect them, and it shows in his writing.   Intermixed with the plot are corollary chapters.   The purpose of the corollary chapters is to put the events of the story inRead More Hamlet - Shakespeares Ophelia as Modern Icon Essay3388 Words   |  14 Pagesby Mary Pipher in her book Reviving Ophelia. As an adolescent therapist Pipher has seen firsthand how young women today shadow many of the problems Ophelia had. Pipher states that Ophelias story shows the destructive forces that affect young women. As a girl, Ophelia is happy and free, but with adolescence she loses herself. She has no inner direction; rather she struggles to meet the demands of Hamlet and her father. Her value is driven utterl y by their approval. (Pipher 20) Later, Pipher concludesRead More Depressed Teenagers in Today’s Society Essay2450 Words   |  10 PagesDepressed Teenagers in Today’s Society Being depressed includes many feelings, and they can range from simply being fed up with the world to actually wanting to take one’s own life. I have been depressed before, but I have never wanted to commit suicide. I want to know why teenagers would become so depressed that they would even consider taking their lives. I want to answer the commonly asked questions about teenage depression. Why are teenagers today so depressed? Why do they feel likeRead MoreGender Inequity in Education Essay4136 Words   |  17 Pagescontinue their biased ways, detracting from a learning environment that encourages all students to reach their highest level of performance. The purpose of an education is to empower individuals with the tools necessary to flourish in an ever-changing world, to allow them to dream and to enable them to accomplish their goals in life. As things stand now, females, a group constituting approximately half of our nation, are unable to achieve such ends because the educational system puts them at a disadvantageRead MoreReflection Paper On Storytelling1696 Words   |  7 Pagesoutsmarting the bad guys like Sherlock Holmes and Watson or Nancy Drew. Or perhaps you think of that lecture in your high school or college history class when your professor showed you a documentary or a movie that introduced you to a part of the world, group of people, or a movement like The Black Power Mixtape 1967-1975 or Rob Marshall’s adaptation of Arthur Golden’s Memoirs of a Geisha that left you with a hunger to know more, to understand more than you had at the beginning of the class. WhateverRead More Brief Biography of John Steinbe ck Essay3594 Words   |  15 PagesLong Valley and the last part of The Red Pony. His big project for the year, however, was working and researching a great novel, to be published in 1939 under the title The Grapes of Wrath. With this book, Steinbeck insured his future in the literary world. The book was so controversial that Steinbeck had to worry about attempts on his life or reputation; even now, it (along with Of Mice and Men) often are found on lists of commonly banned books. It was so well thought of that it earned him a PulitzerRead More Revolution Girl-style Now! Essay2965 Words   |  12 Pagesmovement originally based in a consciousness about youth and oppression. With the rallying cry, †Revolution Girl-Style Now!† bands like Bikini Kill formed a small movement to combat the male dominance of the Punk Scene and, by extension, the rest of the world. Inevitably, Riot Grrrl was born: So theres this revolution happening all across the country and all across other countries and its the revolution girl style and as a girl revolutionary I want to say something about it... ...This revolution is

Ford Motor Company through the Ages - 3199 Words

The Ford Motor Company (FMC) was founded in Detroit in 1903 and began shortly thereafter exporting cars to European branches. Cross-border assembly started in Canada in 1904 and was later implemented in the European markets. The first European plant was established in 1911 in England, and this was followed with other lower volume assembly plants across the European continent. All the plants and branches assembled and sold the Model T, using American methods and practices. This proved to be a success in the beginning, but in the long run, â€Å"(†¦) this proved a costly and unsuccessful strategy in Europe’s diverse markets† (Bonin et al., p. 15). By the late 1920s most of its European subsidiaries were struggling and Ford had to change his†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ford chose to have its first dealer in Stolp, a rural city, far from major city centres, in the former Prussian province of Pommern (today Poland).† (v2 152-153). This area was economica lly, socially, and geographically comparable to areas in the United States where the Model T sold very well. Rural areas with large farms, whose owners had money at their disposal, and needed means of transportation since they were isolated from the cities, characterized the region. â€Å"However, at the time the car was not really faster or more comfortable than a traditional horse coach. The automobile was more of an instrument of social distinction.† (v2 153). Ford expanded its operations in Germany in 1905 and created a showroom in Berlin to advertise its brand and later opened an office in 1911. In 1912 Ford built a distribution center in Hamburg because of its attractive harbor and its ideal location for cross-boarder distribution in Europe. This rapid expansion since 1905 ended in 1914, when the First World War started. When Ford first advertised the Model T in Germany, it was described as â€Å"good value for money and durable† (v2, p. 153). In the beginning, h owever, the cars were rather unreliable and this created an image problem and Ford needed to change its direction and advertisement in order to satisfy costumer expectations and needs. â€Å"By the 1910s, Ford automobiles represented good value forShow MoreRelatedFord Motor Company : History1652 Words   |  7 PagesFord Motor Company is a name commonly known throughout the United States. Henry Ford started the Ford Motor Company along with a couple other investors (â€Å"Our History†). Ford has made many changes over the years as well as changed America view on vehicles. Ford Motor Company is a largely iconic part of America and its history. Ford is uniquely American because the history began on American soil, the way the company gives back to its community, and the new jobs for people of the United States. HenryRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Ford Motor Company1023 Words   |  5 PagesOn June 17, 1903 the Ford Motor Company was organized. The date is the day the deal started for Henry Ford not because the company had his name, the day all his hard work would start to payoff. To look at the deal from just one day would not do justice to the brilliant way and intertwined ways Henry Ford took the world by storm. From the start in Ford’s garage to the offices of lawyers, and then on to control of the largest automotive companies in the world one can see the deal was just a key toRead MoreThe Ford Motor Company Success Essay1305 Words   |  6 Pagesthe town of Dearborn Michigan, the Ford Motor Company was founded by Henry Ford. Five years after Henry Ford founded Ford Motor Company he introduced the world-famous Model T. The Model T had huge success, and the demand was in no short supply. The Model T was the first automobile that gave the consumers what they wanted, at a price they c ould afford. In 1908 the building time was over twelve hours per model T produced. Twelve hours was not practical, so Henry Ford created the moving assembly lineRead MoreFiat Chrysler Automobiles ( Fca ) Lost Focus On The Production Of Their Mid Size Sedans1388 Words   |  6 Pagesplace as a highly profitable vehicle for the company. This in turn led to the closing down of the plant in Sterling Heights which caused a large number of Michiganders to be in chaos concerning the future of their employment. Ford Motor Company however would be the best company for them to model themselves after when it comes to the creativity and selling of mid-size sedans. The Ford Fusion alone offers 12 models starting at $22,120 and closing at $41,120. Ford focuses on customer satisfaction and byRead MoreFord Motor Company Influences The 21st Century1062 Words   |  5 Pages The Ford Motor Company Influences the 21st Century A man that went by the name of Henry Ford, once said, â€Å"I invented nothing new. I simply assembled the discoveries of other men behind whom were centuries of work†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Ford Motor Company is an American continental automobile maker founded by Henry Ford on June 16, 1903. During the 1920s, this firm marketed automobiles that were reliable, low-cost, easy-to-operate and easier-to-fix device for the masses (Rise of the Automobile). In addition, theRead MoreHenry Ford And The American Civil War1194 Words   |  5 PagesHenry Ford had only a modest education. He didn’t invent the gasoline engine; he didn’t invent the auto mobile; he didn’t really invent anything. Yet, when he died in 1947, Ford, and the company he founded had a profound effect on the world he taught to drive. Given all that he had accomplished, it’s hard to believe Henry Ford was almost 40 when he established the Ford Motor Company. At the time America was more agricultural t han industrial. Horse-less carriages were toys for a wealthy few. ButRead MoreAnalysis Of Ford s Board Of Directors Essay1680 Words   |  7 PagesChairman William Clay Ford Jr.(age 58). He is the great-grandson of Henry Ford Sr. After earning his BA from Princeton University, he began a lifetime of service in the family firm (1979), culminating in his appointment as president and CEO in 2001. As CEO, Mr. Ford improved quality, lowered costs and delivered exciting new products. During his time in that position, he took the company from a $5.5 billion loss in 2001 to three straight years of profitability. On September 5, 2006, Ford announced thatRead MoreAnalysis of Ford Motor Company Essay1056 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Ford Motor Company External Factors and Economic Environment 1) Market and Customers Between 22% and 23% (average over past five years) of Ford’s customers are defined as fleet customers as described above. The residual 77%to 78% of customers are private individuals who purchase Ford vehicles through licensed dealers. Ford customers come from all demographic strata given the diverse brand lineup and product mix, and Ford’s products are purchased and driven the world over. ArgusRead MoreThe Invention Of The Ford Motor Company1279 Words   |  6 Pagesincome for Americans meant that they were able to afford more appliances like a toaster or a car. Prices dropped with industrial innovations like the moving assembly line. With these new prices, people could buy more per dollar. Henry Ford’s, The Ford Motor Company is an example of a business that prospered in the 1920s. The innovation of Ford’s Model T allowed many Americans to explore the country and experience being on the road. Along with these new products and appliances, businesses made a new formRead MoreCase Study : Ford Truck Marketing Strategy1650 Words   |  7 PagesF150 Ford Truck Marketing Strategy Rugged, stylish, comfortable, economic, and most of all, dependable. The Ford F-150 is the pickup truck that changed the nation. From its very beginning, the Ford truck has taken care of its owner’s necessities from hauling hay to visiting family and friends. Since its inception, the Ford Motor Company (FMC) has earned the loyalty of its customers. Most of all, the ford pickup truck has earned the respect of farmers, families, and businessmen alike. How did the

Auditing and Assurance Analytical Procedures

Question: Describe about the Auditing and Assurance for Analytical Procedures. Answer: Part 1 Analytical Procedures Analytical procedures are the assessment of financial information of the organizations through relevant relationships between the elements of financial and non- financial information. In order to analyze the performance of the company and evaluate the financial position that helps in taking business decisions. Various financial ratios can be used to understand the business information of the company related to the income statement and financial statement (Cao, Chychyla Stewart, 2015). In order to understand the given financial statement of the client company financial ratios on income statement and balance sheet have been evaluated for the year ended 31 March 2016. Analytical procedures related to the financial performance year 2016 Financial Ratio Calculation Formula Ratio Profit margin ratio (year 2016) Net income/ Net sales $183,000,000-135,000,000/183,000,000= 26.23% Profit margin ratio (year 2015) Net income/ Net sales $83,000,000-55,000,000/83,000,000= 33.73% Profit margin ratio (year 2014) Net income/ Net sales $88,000,000-59,000,000/88,000,000= 33.00% Return on shareholder's equity (year 2016) Net income for the year/ average shareholders' equity $48,000,000/130,000,000= 36.92% Return on shareholder's equity (year 2015) Net income for the year/ average shareholders' equity $28,000,000/75,000,000= 37.33% Return on shareholder's equity (year 2014) Net income for the year/ average shareholders' equity $29,000,000/75,000,000= 38.67% Analytical procedures related to the financial position, year 2016 Financial Ratio Calculation Formula Ratio Working Capital (year 2016) Current assets- current liabilities $222,170,000-153,000,000 = $69,170,000 Working Capital (year 2015) Current assets- current liabilities $108,550,000-125,800,000 = $(17,250,000) Working Capital (year 2014) Current assets- current liabilities $164,900,000-119,500,000 = $45,400,000 Current ratio (year 2016) Current assets/ Current Liabilities $222,170,000/ 153,000,000 = 1.45 Current ratio (year 2015) Current assets/ Current Liabilities $108,550,000/ 125,800,000 = 0.86 Current ratio (year 2014) Current assets/ Current Liabilities $164,900,000/ 153,000,000 = 1.07 Inventory turnover ratio (year 2016) cost of goods sold for the year/ Average inventory for the year $135,000,000/ 148,670,000 = 0.91 Inventory turnover ratio (year 2015) cost of goods sold for the year/ Average inventory for the year $55,000,000/ 79,000,000 = 0.70 Inventory turnover ratio (year 2014) cost of goods sold for the year/ Average inventory for the year $59,000,000/ 93,000,000 = 0.63 One of the essential analytical procedures to evaluate the companys financial performance during the year is profit margin ratio that is considered after tax and other business expenses. In case of Client Company, net profit margin for the year ended 31 March 2016 is 26.23% that means the company is earning profit on sales 26.23% after deducting all other expenses. However, in the present case, data of other expenses including tax expenses have not been provided. Therefore, it is assumed that the profit margin is considered after tax and other expenses. Since, the companys profit percentage is 26%, it can be said that the organization is highly efficient and strong in business operation. Another important procedure for evaluating the companys performance is return on shareholders equity, computed by considering net income and shareholder equity capital (Alles, 2015). Since, the companys return on shareholder's equity in the year 2016 is around 37%, it can be said that the company is highly efficient in providing return to its investors. On the other hand, company working capital expresses the ability to pay off the current obligations like loan payments, bills etc. As the company has working capital amounted to $69,170,000 in 2016 the company is capable to pay off the short-term obligations. However, the companys current ratio is 1.45, which is less than 2 hence, it can be said that the entity is required to improve its current ratio to meet the current liability obligations. Moreover, the inventory turnover ratio is also less than 1 that means the company is not efficient in rolling its cash balance by selling off the inventories. Summary of financial information analysis During the year 2016, the performance of the company was quite efficient but the ratio between current asset and current should be improved since it is less than 2. Additionally, the inventory turnover ratio is less than 1, which states that the company should improve its marketing structure by selling more inventories. Although the efficiency of company to generate returns for investors is good yet its financial position need to be improved. In the financial year 2015, the company has current liabilities more than current assets therefore the company was not efficient in paying off the obligations. Additionally, in the year 2016 the company gained the current ratio to 1.45 that means the company maintained the efficiency as in the year 2014. Balance in reserves in the year 2016 increased by almost 50% that that in the year 2015, which implies that the company has investment, plans that requires sufficient fund. Therefore, the company is focusing on retention of profits earned during the year to improve expand the business operation. Benchmarking Benchmarking is a procedure conducted by the organizational management to examine and analyze the best practices in the business activities within the industry. In the perspective of auditing, benchmarking is a process to examine the policies and practices conducting by the organizations with true and fair view (Mohamed, 2015). Auditing is the process of examining the financial statements of the company to check its transparency and fair presentation and disclosure of financial information. On the contrary, benchmarking is considered to examine the best practices for business sustainability, corporate governance and preparation and business operating activities (Juan-Borrs et al., 2015). In case of Client Company, the profitability ratio and return on shareholders equity are high whereas the current ratio and inventory turnover ratio are lower than the required standard ratio. Considering the results of current ratio 1.45 and inventory turnover ratio 0.91 calculated in the above part, it has been noted that the verification of inventory should be carried on to check its correct disclosure in the reports. Benchmarking in this respect should be analyzing the correctness of the valuation and disclosure of inventory for the year 2016 as it increased by around 46% from that of the year 2015. Part 2 Introduction Analytical procedures as a part of auditing process help the auditors to understand the companys business functions as well as identifying the potential risks. It assists the auditors to plan the other auditing procedures to examine and verify the business activities and financial information to detect the transparency and accountability (Lau Ooi, 2016). Discussion Risk analysis stage: For conducting the procedures of auditing, analytical procedures serves essential evidence, that includes the assessment of recorded financial information. The analysis of financial statement components is carried on by studying the current years and previous years financial data. While considering the analytical procedures in auditing the auditor can incorporate three types at three different stages, which are preliminary, substantive and final stage (Kim et al., 2016). Analytical procedures are conducted by determining the relationships among different elements of accounting balances in the form of ratio analysis and trend analysis. Draft account: At the preliminary stage analytical procedure is carried on by auditors to examine the accounting balances for purchases, sales, production costs, accounts receivables, payables and other relevant balances to verify the performance of the company (LeBaron Lister, 2015). It is the responsibility of the auditor to test the accounting balances and reported financial information of the client companies to evaluate the correct valuation. In case there is any discrepancy in the initial recording of the transactions, the same would affect the entire financial statement of the companies. Therefore, it is important to review the initial records of the transactions so that the effect of the same can be easily detected in the financial statements of the company (Oktorina Wedari, 2015). At the next stage, the auditor can perform analytical procedures by conducting sampling test or test checking by randomly selecting the account balances if there are large numbers of transactions . Final account: In order to check the correctness of the increase or decrease in the recorded transactions of the financial information, the auditor is required to conduct the ratio analysis and trend analysis different related components (Bills Cunningham, 2015). Such analysis is also computed to determine the relationship between the business activities as well as the efficiency of the companies to meet the obligation towards stakeholders. Apart from the analysis of financial information, analytical procedures are conducted to evaluate the non-financial data as well. Reports on business sustainability, corporate governance presentation of financial information according to the accounting principles and standards are examined through analytical procedures (Gros, Koch Wallek, 2016). Conclusion Analytical procedures are not only used to examine the correctness of the financial information but it is used through the entire audit process. The use of analytical procedures assists the auditors to plan the nature, timing and extent of other audit process. It helps the auditors to examine the appropriate use of accounting standards, principles and valuation methods that identifies the transparency of the statement of income and statement of financial position. Similarly, auditors carry substantive analytical procedures to generate the required evidence in the accounting reports if there are any possible frauds, errors or misrepresentations. It is significant to present the correct report on test checking about the companys performance during the year for the benefit and interest of investors and other users of companies annual reports. Reference List Alles, M. G. (2015). Drivers of the Use and Facilitators and Obstacles of the Evolution of Big Data by the Audit Profession.Accounting Horizons,29(2), 439-449. Bills, K. L., Cunningham, L. M. (2015). How Small Audit Firm Membership in Associations, Networks, and Alliances Can Impact Audit Quality and Audit Fees.Current Issues in Auditing,9(2), P29-P35. Cao, M., Chychyla, R., Stewart, T. (2015). Big Data analytics in financial statement audits.Accounting Horizons,29(2), 423-429. Gros, M., Koch, S., Wallek, C. (2016). Internal audit function quality and financial reporting: results of a survey on German listed companies.Journal of Management Governance, 1-39. Juan-Borrs, M., Periche, A., Domenech, E., Escriche, I. (2015). Routine quality control in honey packaging companies as a key to guarantee consumer safety. The case of the presence of sulfonamides analyzed with LC-MS-MS.Food Control,50, 243-249. Kim, J. B., Li, L., Lu, L. Y., Yu, Y. (2016). Financial statement comparability and expected crash risk.Journal of Accounting and Economics,61(2), 294-312. Lau, C. K., Ooi, K. W. (2016). A case study on fraudulent financial reporting: evidence from Malaysia.Accounting Research Journal,29(1). LeBaron, G., Lister, J. (2015). Benchmarking global supply chains: the power of the ethical auditregime.Review of International Studies,41(05), 905-924. Mohamed, H. M. (2015). Green, environment-friendly, analytical tools give insights in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics analysis.TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry,66, 176-192. Oktorina, M., Wedari, L. K. (2015). An Empirical Investigation on Ownership Characteristics, Activities of the Audit Committee, and Audit Fees in Companies Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange.Applied Finance and Accounting,1(1), 20-29.

Announcing #IWriteBecause - A Campaign For Writers

Announcing #IWriteBecause - A Campaign For Writers Announcing #IWriteBecause: A Campaign For Writers, By Writers The pinnacle of a writer’s life may not ever be a tearful speech at the Oscars. (â€Å"I want to thank my ergonomic keyboard for not giving me carpal tunnel.†) However,  though it might not take the form of a miniature golden statue, all writers possess inspirations that drive them to put pen to paper. So what's yours?We know that words are powerful - and now more than ever, we can use our words to get the message of writing out and do good. Perhaps one day a child who watches your video will be able to say that #TheyAlsoWriteBecause.How  can you contribute to #IWriteBecause?Submit your short, one-minute video via the campaign site, and tell us your reasons for writing. In doing so, you’ll be joining writers of all stripes who already sent in videos, including bestselling author Mark Dawson, award-winning food and travel writer Joanna Pruess, USA Today bestselling author Carter Wilson, New York Times bestseller David Heinemeier Hansson, and popular BookTuber Hailey LeBlanc.We’re featuring a couple of videos every day on the site, so feel free to browse through other writers’ stories! The whole is greater than the sum of its parts, or so they say.Here are a few questions to get you started:Why do you write?What do you love the most about writing?What do you get out of writing?What do you want to achieve by the end of your career as a writer?So grab your phone or a camera now. You can change a child's life for the better. All it takes is a minute to fill in the blank and say via video: I write, because ___________.Why do you write? This is your chance to tell us. Send us a video through the campaign site  and contribute to the movement.

Gone Baby Gone Movie

Gone Baby Gone Movie Introduction In the film, Gone Baby Gone, various aspects of the community have been highlighted. Corruption and conspiracy are some of the negative aspects of the community that the film has used as one of its main themes. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gone Baby Gone Movie specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Corruption is the act of conducting a transaction or an action in a manner that is not consistent with the normal rules and regulations in order to achieve personal gains. Corruption has been present in the society for many centuries now. The process of corruption is characterised by individuals gaining their personal benefits at the expense of others. This paper will therefore critically analyze corruption by using the film, Gone Baby Gone as the basis for its arguments. It will analyse the nature of corruption and conspiracy and the involvement of public officials and other members of the public commit the ac t. Corruption in the Society In the film, Gone Baby Gone, detectives are working hard to solve the mystery of a lost child, Amanda. From the background check, the parents of the child are not financially stable. In addition, the mother of the child, Helene, is a drug addict. Due to her condition, one can easily conclude that she is not capable of taking good care of her daughter. On the other hand, her boyfriend, Ray, is involved in a lot of shady deals. He is believed to have stolen some money from a local drug lord, Cheese, a move that may have resulted to Amanda`s kidnapping. Amanda`s aunt is the one who reports the case and hires private detectives to solve the mystery. All through the movie, a number of kidnappings are reported, most of which end up unresolved. The main reason why these cases go unresolved is due to the high level of corruption that surrounds our societies. This vice has found its way into key organizations such as the justice and defence system. As a result, quite a good number of public officials such as the police, lawyers, judges, politicians and normal residents have become part and parcel of the vice. This has led to the organization and implementation of shady deals that involves public officials, gangs and normal residents. Due to the complexity of these organised crimes, it is almost impossible to solve these cases by individuals without a lot of influence.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In New York for example, over 80, 000 cases of kidnappings are reported annually, most of which go unresolved. Most of these kidnappers ask for ransoms but the hostages are never recovered. In certain cases, only the bodies of the victims are found later on after a long investigation. This raises the following questions: Why are these cases hard to solve? What is the main objective of the kidnappers? Why are the law enforcement o fficials reluctant to solve the case? The film, Gone Baby Gone came up with some of these answers. Towards the end, the private investigator managed to put up clues and discovered that the investigators and the chief detective of the case fabricated most of the evidence and leads that they were working on. In addition, the kidnapping of Amanda was staged since one of the private investigators discovered that she was living with the chief detective of the case who had lost a child several years back. Amanda`s aunt, who had reported the case was also involved as she wanted to get away with the alleged stolen drug money. All these individuals committed this crime for their personal gains at the expense of Amanda and her mother. Conclusion Such cases are common in the real world. Due to their complexity, it is difficult to solve them. To ensure that the society is free from such vices, a lot of reforms need to be put in place. This includes strict laws and severe punishment to the in dividuals who commit such crimes. As a result, our societies will become better places to live in.

How do young people from ethnic minorities negotiate their identities Essay

How do young people from ethnic minorities negotiate their identities in relation to their media representations - Essay Example In Richard Dyer’s essay The White Man’s Muscle, he talks about stereotypes that have been enforced connecting as far back as the Greek era, and that now dominate film and television basically promoting the superiority of white masculinity. Body hair is animalistic; hair ­lessness connotes striving above nature. The climax of Gli amori di Ercole has Hercules fighting a giant ape, who has previously behaved in a King Kong-ish way towards Herculess beloved Dejanira, stroking her hair and when she screams making as if to rape her; close-ups contrast Herculess smooth, hairless muscles with the hairy limbs of this racist archetype. (Dyer) Here Dyer points out how the uppermost echelon of masculinity is equated with shaven white muscle, through its very contrast to that of hair apes, who are historically associated with blackness. He acknowledges the racist aspects of this archetype, but also gives notice to the private boys’ club-like tradition that has formed from this prejudice. This same ideal of exclusion is expressed in Gamy Robson’s Millwall Football Club: Masculinity, Race and Belonging in which the author points out how Millwall Football Club is a devout fan base-community that excludes those who aren’t born within it and those of different races. In western culture, muscular bodies are associated with much leisure time, discipline, and affluence. Dyer also makes the Christian connection that a muscular body connotes pointing out the ideal of finding salvation or purity through the experience of pain. He points out that historically body building culture has been an equal opportunity medi um when he says, Bodybuilding as an activity has a relatively good track record in terms of racial equality. From the 1950s on, non-white men - and especially those of African descent - became major figures in bodybuilding competitions. Yet the dominant images of the built body remain

Life span Develpoemnt (Prenatal Developement)-Chronic Illnesses,diet & Essay

Life span Develpoemnt (Prenatal Developement)-Chronic Illnesses,diet & exercise - Essay Example Alcohol is one substance that has been carefully studied, as far as its effects on pre-natal development, and the effects that pre-natal alcohol usage has on children as they develop. Pre-natal alcohol use may lead to a birth defect that is known as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). (Davies & Bledsoe, 2005, p.1370). The characteristics of a child with FAS include growth deficiency, facial anomalies and damage to the child’s central nervous system. (Davis & Bledsoe, 2005, p. 1371). FAS is the main cause of preventable retardation in the United States. (Davis & Bledsoe, 2005, p.1371). The mechanism of alcohol damage to a developing fetus is through damaging the â€Å"architecture, neuronal migration and synaptogenesis of the developing central nervous system† (CNS). (Davis & Bledsoe, 2005, p.1372). The infants who are at the greatest risk of fetal alcohol syndrome are born to women who drink heavily on a regular basis during her first trimester. (Davis & Bledsoe, 2005, p.1372). The first month of pre-natal development is the most crucial and dangerous time for a woman to indulge in alcohol. (Davis & Bledsoe, 2005, p. 1372). Unfortunately, many women do not realize that they are pregnant during this developmental stage, so it is not unusual for women to drink alcohol unabated during this period. The extent of the damage done to the fetus corresponds how heavily the mother drinks during pregnancy. Women who regularly drink two drinks per day tend to have babies with low birth weight and â€Å"mild† disability, while consuming four to six drinks per day produces babies with more FAS symptoms. (Davis & Bledsoe, 2005, p.1372). The full expression of FAS heavily corresponds with women who consume eight to ten drinks per day, at least during the first trimester. (Davis & Bledsoe, 2005, p.1372). It is estimated that 30% to 50% of the infants born to chronically alcoholic women experiences a â€Å"serious

Management Principles: The Latham Report

Management Principles: The Latham Report The Latham report (July 1994) commissioned by UK Gov, written by Sir Michael Latham was an influential report defining the construction industries failures, constraints and procedures. The report identifies construction projects from start to finish, including the understanding of professional rolls, contract variations to achieve best practices including procurement and contract mediation. Clients are understood as having a key role towards the speed of a construction project. Understanding the nature of the construction industry is said to be essential to gain a better understanding of how a project will proceed. Lathams report recommended that such tasks will also have to include legal advice from certified consultants such as the client representative. Areas such as notifiable projects, professionals, communication, declaration of roles and responsibilities, project frameworks, governing bodies, liability, design procurement should all be generally understood within a clients role. Contractors where greatly influenced by Sir Michael Latham recommendations, he said that the principles of communication between contractors within the construction industry are currently having a detrimental effect on site activities and costs. He thought private sectors should get together to establish a clients forum. Latham determined that a checklist of design responsibilities should be prepared in order to prevent confusion to determine the liability of a project team. Sir Michael Latham thought that the use of co-oridinated project information should be written into contracts as a legal requirement, Latham ultimately wanted contractors to communicate better between themselves in order to assist the prevention of delays in a construction project. The Latham report talks about the responsibility of building services and design. The report highlighted that contracts agreed between professionals should be defined in a clear and precise manner; he maintained that everyone involved within a construction project should be able to understand the context of their contracts. Design and build of a contract largely depends on the project involved. The Latham report states basic design decisions on procurement should precede the preparation of an (outlined) project brief, as any project brief will largely depend on procurement matters to actually determine the structure of a projects brief. Duties, Accountability and delegation are all highlighted in The Latham Report, simplifying the delegation of duties highlighting possible penalties within a consultants/employed role for a construction project. Sir Michael Latham interpreted construction founders and agencies such as the CIC (Construction Industry Council), ECA (Electrical Contractors Association), BEC (Federation of Master Builders) FMB to help increase awareness of duties, accountability and delegation. Principles of accountability should delegate rolls duties therefore determining liability and responsibility for a professional. Simply stating tasks like responsibilities and consequences to clients and in contracts will make a construction projects duties more defined and easier to determine, therefore contributing to a smoother process. Task 2 Pioneers of scientific management are considered to be H. Gannt, Lilian Gilbert and Frederick W. Taylor. The Later Scientific school theories are largely dependent of the works of these economists. They aimed to influence industrial production with their interpretation of strategy towards the running of a more productive business, in turn lowering production costs and increasing company profits. Frederick W. Taylor quotes Taylors work influenced the general deminer of a company increasing the motivation of a work force by identifying key aspects of the managerial process like, constant innovations being discovered through the efficient use of testing (time trial .e.g.), seeking more effective equipment to decrease workmans efforts and hopefully increase the longevity of production and implementing framework organisation such as University Power Points Contingency School is a trend of management stating there is no single way to manage, different approaches to management result in different results, therefore highlighting management as an area that can greatly vary between personal. Managers are faced with the task its self to determine the management involved, for example selecting a manager for a retail shop will be very different to selecting a manager of an oil rig. Contingency thinking helps not apply 1 best way to management; it will understand the situation in front of them and aim to apply an effective managerial approach to the selection and implementation of a manager and a mangers role. Contingency was developed from many theorists concurrently in the late 1960s, Max Webber 1846 -1920 Bureaucratic Management and Frederick Winslow Taylors Scientific Management where considered to be part of the founders of economic interpretation. Frederick W. Taylor sometimes called the father of management, was a leader of the efficiency movement toward economics. He published The Principles of Management in 1911 based on his own past experiences of management interrupted towards looking into more efficient management processes, Taylors interpretation of scientific management contained 4 principles: Management Culture: China And United Kingdom Management Culture: China And United Kingdom Introduction: In this essay we are going to compare the Chinese and UK approaches to organization management culture. Taking into consideration recent phenomenon, rapid growth rate of businesses in China, expanding and growing investment portfolios have made noticeably Chinese businesses meaning, and foreign investors wanting to set a business in China. Whats interesting is the Chinese have different style, attitude and negotiation process towards employees and organisation as to the UK. The essay will state the differences between organizations in both countries and to look at the cultural dimension of both the East and the West, taking into account the different managerial styles and most importantly culture, whilst comparing both countries. The issue of globalization slides across as the process has made businesses able to connect worldwide. In order to get a closer look, case-studies will be examined looking at companies from a Chinese and UK business perspective. Despite the differences, comp lexity, similarities or disadvantage of one model to another, the Chinese way of operating is interesting especially seeing the importance and link between the countrys culture, relationships and positions in management. China has been a great country in terms of great power, which also is one of the second largest economic in the world after USA and their businesses have been booming extravagantly and expanding as well. However, China has the highest current currency reserved in the world today. Management culture in the china and in UK has been slowly integrated with one another. The Chinese management culture has undergone a period of flooded to the West and returning to the East. However we are going to examine the main dimension of culture, how they relates to businesses in China and UK. Different management researchers all over the continent have focused to the traditional Chinese management culture, whose ideal is in human orientation, and behavioural cultivation by self-disp line. This essay will consider the overall differences between the management cultures of China and the UK. In doing so the essay will consider both the general differences in cultural considerations as well as specific considerations and concepts which are present in Chinese management styles and cultures and how they relate or contrast to elements of the UK management culture.(Dongshui Su2001) Culture: In general terms it is accepted that there is a link between national cultures and management cultures (Handy 1999 p196-197). Hofstede (1980) considered a model of national cultures based upon the following four elements: Individualist vs Collectivist Low vs High power distance Low vs High Uncertainty avoidance Feminine vs Masculine traits From a national cultural perspective Hofstede identified that those countries of the Anglo-Saxon block which include the UK tend to exhibit a profile based around individualistic behaviour, low power distance, middling uncertainty avoidance and a high degree of masculinity. In comparison Eastern cultures were seen as having a greater degree of collectivist behaviour, a middling power distance a high avoidance of uncertainty and a high level of masculinity. As such in comparing the two cultures one may consider that there is a general convergence in the ability of exhibiting masculine behaviour whist there is a much more distinct difference in attitudes on the scale of individualistic vs. collectivist style behaviour. Chinese managers strongly believe in order and traditional values. Thus, Chinese bosses precisely like to share task to teams or groups to work in collective effort to enhance Just In Time (JIT ), and help the employees to work together and learn from each other as well. Although there are some disadvantages to work as team or group delays business project, in the sense that some individual would be sluggish on their own task, and when its time for promotion or bonuses equal reward would be given. In general terms whilst not as diametrically opposed Chinese culture may be seen as representing a much higher adversity to risk taking than that of the Anglo-Saxon countries. This may be seen as represented by the national differences in attitudes towards savings with Chinese citizens saving four times that of their Western counterparts (Graham and Lam 2003). In considering the effects of individualist models against those of collectivist cultures this has an impact for the consideration of overall management culture for instance the manager in an individualistic culture such as the UK will have to consider getting the best out of those they manage by aligning the best interests of the employee and the company from the individualistic perspective of the employee. For instance a popular way of rewarding employees in the UK is through a bonus culture in which the individual stands to benefit personally by meeting the needs of the organisation a theory which is largely embodied by Vrooms expectancy theory (Robbins 2007). In contrast management culture in a more collective society such as that of China may be seen as being able to appeal to the nature of employees to contribute towards the wider good of the organisation for which they have a greater sense of belonging to as a community than their UK counterparts. As such managers in such a cu lture may focus on giving praise and public recognition to employees with in the company before considering the need to use an extrinsic reward as a method of motivation. In addition the overall level of risk aversion within the national culture may be seen as translating into a model of management cultural and organisational behaviour. In many instances managers in the less risk averse countries of the Anglo-Saxon model are rewarded by shareholders for making what may be seen as risky short term profits and thus from the management culture perspective such a culture permeates every level of the organisation. On the other hand those operating in a more risk averse society such as that of China may be seen as being rewarded for acting in a way which is much more conservative with an emphasis on long term stability and profitability rather than short term share based performance. As such this adds to the general slower pace of business within Chinese cultures as personified by the general longer length of time taken in negotiations within China as opposed to between Western businesses (Ambler et al 2009). In a recent interview by Yi Min a director of Le nova Group in Carolina, he points out that collectivistic culture is less in China, since the late 1990s when the one child policy came into effect. These individuals born after 1980 ba ling hou are much more individualistic than collectivistic. Management styles and human behaviours: In many ways it may be considered somewhat difficult to generalise on the differences between management styles in the UK and China given that management styles are not necessarily related to an individual national culture but further segmented down to the corporate level. For instance even solely within the UK there may be seen as a significant array of management styles and cultures from the more formal and hierarchical in public services and more traditional business through to the informal and flatter organisational behaviour exhibited in more contemporary business such as a management consultancy businesses or a software producer. As such this section will now consider specific differences which may be used to explain potential differences in management culture which are specific at the national level rather than the organisational. Face One key consideration which may be seen as affecting the overall management style between Chinese and UK businesses is the concept of face. Within the overall Chinese culture there is the need for relationships, transactions and events to portray those involved in a positive light. As such in Chinese management styles both the leader and the follower must consider carefully what impact their actions have on the reputation of those they are interacting with. This may lead to a generally much more formal style of management in which leaders and employees take particular care to respect the boundaries and roles of those involved. Graham and Lam (2003) note that transactions between Western and Chinese companies can often fail due to a lack of respect for such formalities in which the Western company often issues a call me Mary approach thus not respecting a seemingly small but significant cultural consideration. For the Chinese business this also presents significant problems internally , for instance there may be the need for a junior member of staff to point out an operational issue for which there is a ready solution however in brining the problem the attention of a superior this may be seen as providing a conflict for the employee who may consider whether or not such an action will make his supervisor lose face. The Chinese prefer a more structural form and hierarchy followed way although much of this comes from the Confucian culture, which stresses the importance of social hierarchy, groups and positions. Empowerment: Organisations in the UK and the West believe in empowering its employees contrary to the Chinese, whom believe that when the task is not done, their boss would blame them. Chinese people do not like to be blamed. They prefer to be responsible for the work they handle themselves rather than to be empoweredto take on something new because of the fear of failure. Furthermore, if the Chinese managers apply the system of empowering subordinates , middle workers keep getting cut in organisations and somebody has to take up the task that used to be done there. The key for leaders would be to look for the right balance between empowering and doing the work themselves. As such a cultural concept can thus lead to a management style which encourages overall poorer organisational performance as performance suffers at the consideration of relationships. There is the consideration that in the UKs culture such considerations do not feature so widely and as such managers and followers are able to be much more frank about operational issues without considering a criticism of process or procedure to be a personal affront against the person responsible for it.. Chinese family businesses Another consideration in the concept of management style is that of the Chinese family business. Commentators highlight the fact that the structural form of a business will often have an impact on the cultural elements of the business (Johnson et 2008, Robins 2007) as such given the wide spread nature of the Chinese family business model this must be taken into account. Research suggests that to a large extent business in China is internalised into family groups a model which although suppressed under communism has re-emerged after the liberalisation from the smallest business to the largest conglomerate (Chen 2001). However the family business model goes beyond that of ownership as paraphrased by the consideration of the phrase family first, business second (Chen 2001 p20). This presents a key cultural difference between in cultural approaches to the running of a business between those in China and the UK. In the UK one may see that culture largely compartmentalises life bringing a clear separation between ones personal family interests and ones work or careers interests. On the other hand the Chinese family business model suggests that work and business life represent an extension of the family rather than a separate activity as in the UK model. This has major implications for management style and culture as one has to consider that under the Chinese family business model individual traits of families and their relationships will carry over into business practises as such Chinese businesses following the family business model may have a propensity to exhibit a greater level of paternalistic style of management as embodied in the family relationship than under UK models of business ownership. Process Another consideration is that there is a fundamental cultural difference between Chinese and UK cultures in regard to what is important when considering the issues of process and results. UK culture and human behaviour may be seen as to a large extent as steeped in the utilitarian philosophy in which the overall focus has become that of the result. Ultimately the utilitarian philosophy states that the only consideration is that of result and that process or how one gets to that result is completely immaterial (Graafland 2007 p149-155, Velasquez 1998 p73). This is in stark contrast to Chinese culture which built upon the cultural values of Confucianism amongst other philosophies emphasises the importance of process rather than results (Graham and Lam 2003). Although these are cultural considerations the impact upon management styles is quite formidable, as such Western approaches towards management tend to focus on results and speed of transactions were as Chinese approaches tend to f ocus the overall quality of the experience. As such UK management culture many be seen as focusing on contracts and short term transactional results whilst Chinese management cultures may be seen ad focusing largely on the building of longer term relationships over a much longer period of time. Negotiations: Negotiations may be seen as one of the most important measures of difference between Chinese and UK management styles given that the negotiation between a company from each country will highlight the exact differences in cultural terms. This section will now consider a number of specific elements which may be seen as having various degrees of difference between the styles and cultures of both nations. Negotiation in the china is seen as very frustrating and complicated because of the Chinese business culture, the Western businessmen see it as vast different. When comparing to UK businessmen who are very direct and straight forward when negotiating with foreign investors or internal businessmen. when negotiating with the West, both parties would come to agreement, so that the goals are met in a shorter time. Its much more different in China, before doing a business you need to have a middleman Zhong Yong someone in the middle that would put you through during the negotiation with the people involved. Having a middle man is idealist in China and comes at a great advantage, the Zhong Yong helps to facilitate the business activity and might act as a sign or guarantee of confidence from the eastern negotiator Time scales In general terms having considered the cultural considerations in the previous section time scales would seem to be a significant area of cultural difference between UK and Chinese companies. In general terms UK companies and negotiators may be seen as placing a high value on speed of negotiation and getting a final contract signed representing a results based approach. Chinese culture on the other hand may be seen as fuelling an approach in which time is much less valued with negotiations taking much longer over a larger number of meeting in which the process and quality of the negotiating experience is considered as more important than the actual result in the form of a contract. The barriers to entry and business start up in developing countries like China could have a fringe on its management technique and negotiation. Barriers like high level of government intervention, cost, taxes, policies, regulations. In respect to time, a good comparison is shown by a World Bank business survey on how long it takes to start a business in China and in the West. It goes on to show that starting a business in China could take up to 35days and in the UK would take up to 7 days. These barriers to entry shy way foreign investors and migrant (labour).Making it increasingly difficult to work, understand and adapt to another environment. Although things are changing in China with the influence of globalisation. Another key factor for the Western negotiator is communication, if for example the people involved are of different cultures, there is likely to be some language barrier in their method of communication. In the case when two people communicate they rarely talk about the same subject, but different meaning is laid out by each persons own due to culture Herbig,(1997). In negotiating in China, the Western businessmen need to know that conflict might occur where an individual does not know how to behave in the meeting. For example Chinese people read meaning to human behaviour a lot; They sit upright when sitting in chair with both feet on the floor and find it rude to point out your feet at another person. Trust: A concept and perception that last with the Chinese Culture, the importance of trust when doing business in China is highly regarded. Chinese negotiators look out for this in the Western negotiator for example if you did not attend the same school with the person, you just do not know them enough for them to build strong trust right away. They believe first make friend and then do business . The Westerns usually operate in a different manner and are more direct and straight forward, willing to accept your word.(Europe Asia Company Directory 1998) Guanxi One of the key elements to consider in the process of negotiation with Chinese entities is the concept of Guanxi, in general terms Guanxi represents the element of personal connections (Graham and Lam 2003 p39). The concept may be likened largely to that of the Western concept of networking however there a number of fundamental differences in that UK networks often focus on immediate transactions between those in the network and the benefits of such a network are often expected to be honoured at the time such as in reciprocal trading agreements, X offers Y and expects Z to immediately respond with a reciprocal benefit. In the Chinese negotiation process there is the consideration that such networks are based upon much longer term considerations and that a party will give or receive a benefit but may not return or receive the benefit for a long period of time to come. For the Western negotiator this may present a confusing evaluation, on the one hand a negotiation may seem a poor one from a single transaction perspective however in reality the negotiator may have banked a significant level of capital for future use. On the other hand a negotiator may have got what they consider a good deal however the ignoring of reciprocating such a deal in the favour of the other party in future could leave the company in a position of significant difficulty further down the line. Globalisation: The increased level of economic integration or globalisation may be seen as the overall justification for the research into the subject of the differences between Chinese and Western approaches to management and organisational behaviour. Globalisation in the context of Chinese and UK cultures may be seen as coming from three key driving forces, firstly the consideration that many companies since Chinas integration into the wider economy have seen China as a key source of resources be this in form of cheap labour or commodities such as oil and minerals. Secondly there is the consideration that many businesses see China as not a source of materials for export but a market for further development of sales. Finally there is the consideration that China does not simply represent a market and supplier for Western companies but also that China also has its own companies which wish to trade with the West for the same reasons. As such all of these drivers of globalisation bring together a nee d for those involved to understand and negotiate with what at times may be seen as quite opposing sets of cultures. The process of globalisation may be seen as largely a two way process in regard to the changing and acceptance of management cultures. On the one hand those businesses that have undertaken ventures in China have had to adapt to local customs and cultures with those companies such as GM who have localised their management styles and cultures doing significantly better than those such as Ford who had moved into the Chinese market using standardised models (Graham and Lam 2003, Hutchings 2001). However China in its economic integration with the wider world has also had to make concessions which have had a large impact on cultural elements. For instance as part of Chinas ascension to the WTO the Chinese government has had to significantly make recognition of such elements as contracts and intellectual property. Given the unimportance of contracts within the Chinese business culture this may be seen as a key way in which Chinese culture has began to adapt to Western cultural models as muc h as Western companies have had to adapt to Chinese cultural models. A final consideration in that of the globalisation process is the role of the overseas Chinese, a natural characteristic of the Chinese psyche may be seen as the suspicion of foreigners (Graham and Lam 2003). As such the overseas Chinese populations often provide a useful set of intermediaries between two sets of differing cultures in which the on the Chinese side of the supply chain gain the ability to trade with a trusted individual whilst the Western side of the supply chain has an asset in the form of a person who understands the intricacies of both the UK and Chinese cultures. Conclusions: There are many conclusions that can be drawn from the research which has been carried out, in the first instance one can see a direct link between the elements of national culture and management culture for both the Chinese and UK models of management and organisation culture. This has a distinct positive implication for these who may be seen as being able to bridge the gap between these cultures such as the overseas Chinese who on the one hand do not generate the initial suspicion of foreigners which is endemic to the Chinese culture but on the other hand have a deeper understanding of the national culture and thus management culture of the country for which they have settled in, the UK in this case. Other conclusions are that despite the high level of differences between UK and Chinese cultural models there are many elements which although not exactly matching have to a greater or lesser extent a general fit for example the Chinese concept of Guanxi may whist not exactly fitting wi th the Western concept of networking dose none the less have a resonance which allows Western managers to adapt the model to understand the Chinese version. Finally one must consider the distinct difference between UK and Western models of management culture in relation to Chinese models, whist the essay has often used the Western and UK concepts of culture interchangeably given that the UK may be seen as representing the West there are subtle differences when specifically considering the UK in comparison especially with the US version of the concepts considered. In many respects UK management culture may be seen as having a greater chance of success in adapting to Chinese models of management culture than that of the US for reasons which may be seen as owing to historical cultural considerations. For example whist there has been a link draw between the concept of networking and Guanxi the British concept of the old boys network may be seen as even more aligned to the concept than that of the original networking consideration. In addition the general British concept of gentlemanly conduct and a slower pace of life may also be seen as pro viding a greater resonance between Chinese and UK management cultures in comparison to the wider concept of Western comparisons.

Helping Children Handle Stress :: Stress in Children

Stress is a common emotion or state that is experienced at difficult or threatening times. This is often not attributed to children, however, and can be even more detrimental to their mental and emotional state. High stress in children is both physically and psychologically harmful, which can affect behaviors and attitudes in the future.  High stress can cause children to lag in academic settings and turn to detrimental social behaviors. This can even lead to heart disease, depression, and other serious complications later in life (Segal and Smith, 2014). Taking preventive measures or intervening early in childhood can greatly decrease these risk factors and consequences. High stress in children interacts with a variety of factors, including attachment style and biology of the developing brain. Based on the social learning theory, caregiver’s active role and community care programs are essential in the intervention and prevention of high stress in children. Prevention and intervention of high stress in children is possible and necessary.There are many suggestions for parents on how to manage this. As mentioned above, the attachment style between the parent and child is crucial in how the child thinks and behaves. According to  Dozier and Cicchetti, interventions should concentrate on attachment styles in order â€Å"to increase parental sensitivity, and responsiveness to foster more secure parent-child relationships and alter the child’s inner working models† (2003, 2005). This emphasizes the importance of a â€Å"secure base† for the child in order to be active in their environment but also feel comfortable and safe that they have someone to fall back on in times of stress or trauma (Book). It is also important to note that the caregiver is more likely to affect the attachment relationship than the child (Goodman, 2007). Parenting style also affects the environment of the child, particularly on an emotional level. According to Baumrind’s theory on parenting styles, parents should be high in responsiveness and demandingness (1973). The social learning theory supports this and parents should be aware that they should â€Å"use clear, consistent, non-hostile guidance and discipline technique† (Fisher, Burraston, & Pears, 2005).  A clear relationship has been seen with the responsiveness and attentiveness of a parent and the stress levels of a child. In a study done by Gunnar and Fisher, parents were tested for responsiveness and sensitivity to the child several times as the child aged. The children were later tested and found to have greater levels of cortisol, which is a hormone released in response to stress (2006).

Edgar Degas and his Passion for Ballet

Ballet was considered as a classical form of art. The beauty of this dance type was considered timeless and unchanging. It was considered as an art in itself. The movement of the ballerinas represented years of training. Routines were rehearsed until they were perfected. It was an art form that entailed perfection and it was all for a night’s glory for a stage performance.The movement of the ballet dancers entailed specific rhythm; it required them to have undeniable grace and unity with the music. This made dance, for whatever genre or form, a beautiful piece of performance art. The discipline that was attributed to ballet was something that was unique to this dance form.Ballet was a dance that was considered one of the most exquisite. It had existed for centuries and was depicted in numerous art works. Strength and grace characterized this art form. The experience of watching ballet was the actual experience of art. When dance was depicted in paintings, sculptures or photogr aphy, it would represent something that was beyond beautiful. It was considered as the capturing of beauty on the canvass or the photograph. It was art depicted in art.Edgar Degas represented the art of depicting art in the best possible manner. He was the master of ballerina paintings. Dance had been a subject of visual artwork but it was Degas who represented this art form in one of the most exquisite manner. The portrayal of ballet in painting was uniquely captivating when it was expressed in the Impressionist art period.The movement of the brushes complemented the actual movement of the dancers as they were being observed and painting. Visible brush strokes made exemplified the beauty of ballet. From their costumes, to the forms of their bodies, to the graceful movements they exuded, Impressionism and ballet could be considered as a perfect match. Emphasis on movement was something that was definitive of both the art movement and the dance form.ImpressionismImpressionism was a m ovement that was seen in the 19th century wherein artists chose subjects according to what they ordinarily see around them. Traditional impressionism was interested in depicting the everyday scenes of the nearby streets, a quiet meadow or countryside or the look of the cafes and theaters (Hubbard 33).Most artists in this movement were known for completing a piece of art in a single session. Movements of other periods usually took days, weeks, months and even years in order to complete their art. Some would make sketches and then go back to the studio to complete the picture.Impressionists look at their subjects as photographers would look at theirs. Impressionist painters see daylight to play a significant role in their art and they try to capture on canvas what was happening in a fleeting moment of time before it disappeared (Hubbard 33).In order to accomplish the effect of light and how it reflected in objects, they focus on shading and lighting effects rather than the solidness o f the shapes of their subjects. Impressionists were distinguished by their obvious brush strokes and indistinct outlines of their subjects, whether they may be people, trees or mountains.Brush strokes reflect how Impressionist painters had to work very swiftly. Oil painting was usually done by putting small dabs in the canvass and by using short strokes with little color mixing.   These bright and frequently unmixed colors develop into blended shades when the painting was dried and finish (Hubbard 33).Edouard Manet was one of the famous impressionism artists who focused on landscape paintings. Following the ideals of impressionism, he believed that art must be portrayed in what the artist actually saw in that particular moment in time. French impressionists that included Claude Monet, Camille Pissaro and Edgar Degas painted different things but worked with similar goals in mind. Degas focused on painting dancers and was successful in capturing the beauty of their movement.The Arti st of DancersBackgroundDegas (1834-1917) considered himself as an anti-impressionist because he had a misanthropic nature and had the constant tendency to emphasize (Novotny 199). He prioritized the time he spent in finishing his drawings. He wanted them to be as real as possible however, the style that his brush strokes and colors could not separate him from being classified in the Impressionist movement.

Abortion Abstinence And Truth - 1523 Words

Abortion: Abstinence and Truth â€Å"No woman can call herself free who does not own and control her own body; No woman can call herself free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not be a mother.† – Margaret Sanger, WAR (223). There isn’t too many quotes that could relate to the topic of Abortion and the tragedy of Abstinence but there is one from Sanger is surely appropriate. With the evolution of laws about women’s reproductive rights whether they are legal and safe as it pertains to abortions, birth control, and the proper education available to young and adult women. Truthfully, women are still left sitting on the outside looking in when it has come to their rights in connection to abortion and women’s reproductive†¦show more content†¦As it pertains to the United States, it’s the only country in the world that its government funds sexuality educational programming that fails to properly educate and encourage on the ideal of abstinence in schools in efforts to prevent early pregnancies and sexual transmitted diseases. When the subject of abortion manifests itself to the forefront, messages on abstinence are few, far, and between and heavily rely on messages of fear and embarrassment. Parents are left senile to their uneducated ways on how to help their child through certain situations and rely on shaming their child as a repercussion. In addition, the religious communities adopt the same response as women are rejected and are turned into forgotten paradigms when they’ve made the choice to have an abortion. â€Å"They feel that they would be rejected by other church members if anyone knew of their abortion. These women give much, but are cheated out of the full acceptance and healing they deserve. Instead, they listen in silence as abortion is called â€Å"murder† or, worse, not talked about at all (Abortion, 13).† In some cases women don’t get to make the decision to have consensual sex. As a result of the other party involved push for sex that decision is made for them through violence that ends up as a form of rape. Lisa Bryant, an honor’s graduateShow MoreRelatedWhy Abstinence Programs Don t Work1368 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish IV 31 March 2015 Why I Believe That Abstinence Programs Don t Work How can people be abstinent if they experience or see sexual content very day? Abstinence programs don t work because we see sexual content on tv every day. Sex Ed classes don’t teach things in the right way. Also people miss use birth control, abortion because Sex Ed makes it seem what its not. I believe that abstinence programs don t work. Some people argue that abstinence programs do work because â€Å"centers for diseaseRead MoreSex Education And Sexual Education1365 Words   |  6 Pageseducation would be greatly appreciated from almost everybody, especially with how high the sexually transmitted disease rate has raised in the past twenty years. Sex education can be used to teach young people how to have safe sex and show them the scary truths of sex that they are never taught otherwise. To lower STD rates and raise pregnancy awareness in younger people, schools and parents should be teaching children about sex. According to the Collins English Dictionary, sex education is education inRead MoreDefinition Of Current Sex Ed Curriculum1104 Words   |  5 PagesCurrent Sex Ed Curriculum If you don’t want your kids to drown in the pool, don’t teach them to swim, hide all of the life jackets, and let’s pretend water doesn’t exist. This is the general underlying concept of the Abstinence-only programs taught in schools across the country. Abstinence-only curriculums are taught in thirty-seven states and is considered the most common method when instructing sex education. I wouldn’t call education though, seeing that only thirteen of these thirty-seven states requireRead MoreCauses and Effects of Teenage Pregnancy Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesThe Truth about Teenage Pregnancy Outline I. Introduction II. Body A. Causes 1. Lack of sexual education 2. Lack of communication between the parents and teens a. Weak relationship b. Too strong of a relationship 3. Drugs 4. Trends a. Social b. Media 5. Abuse B. Effects 1. Unwanted/ unplanned pregnancy 2. Abortion 3. Neglect/ Child abuse 4. Complications a. Maternal deaths b. Birth defects 5. Incomplete education Read MoreThe Right And Life Of Abortion1246 Words   |  5 PagesSender. Abortion is defined in the Merriam-Webster dictionary as â€Å"the deliberate termination of a pregnancy and is most often preformed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy.† Beginning early on in history, abortions were viable solutions for immigrants, as their pregnancy rates were higher than the natives of an area or region. As timed passed, laws on abortion began to create a war on the separation of Church and State. These issues have yet to suppress. The Catholic Church defines abortions as â€Å"theRead MoreWomen s Reproductive Rights Essay1199 Words   |  5 Pageschild she didn’t plan for? Even women who aren’t ready to start a family or any other reason, shouldn’t have to. All women deserve true information and the access to safe and legal abortions. The case of Roe v. Wade is basically what started the political side of things. In 1969 a divorced Norma McCorvey was seeking abortion for an unwanted pregnancy. At this time, it was illegal in Texas so there was nowhere she could go. It was also only legal in a small number of states only if the woman’s healthRead MoreThe Controversial Issue Of Sex Education965 Words   |  4 Pagesthe supporters of abstinence only education which presents a very singular approach and on the other is those that believe in the importance of comprehensive sex education which explores a variety methods of sexual safety. Throughout the years the government funded programs in an attempt to combat the growing issue of teen pregnancies and the rapid spreading of sexual infections. During the Bush administration there was more than $1.5 million allotted specifically towards abstinence only programs (HowellRead MoreSex Education Are Essential For Teens1479 Words   |  6 Pagesparents feel uncomfortable talking about the topic with their children and they believe teaching their children about sex can end up encouraging them to engage in sexual intercourse. Due to that, parents and schools try to emphasize the importance of abstinence. Parents and schools try to teach children to never have sex until they are married. However, this program is flawed because it promotes a bias perspective. The goal of the program should be to inform and educate children on every aspect of sexualRead MoreAbortion And The Pro Choice Movement2101 Words   |  9 Pageshave declared themselves pro-choice (Saad Americans Misjud ge U.S. Abortion Views), according to a study in 2011, only 1.7% of women aged 15–44 had an abortion (Jones and Jerman Abortion Incidence and Service Availability In the United States, 2011). These statistics show that even though most women who support the pro-choice movement are unlikely to have an abortion, they still believe that those women who choose to have an abortion should have the right to make a decision for her own body. A womanRead MoreWhy We Need Planned Parenthood1665 Words   |  7 Pagesdisapproval of anti-abortion laws progresses due to extreme fetal deformities caused by a drug called Thalidomide and outbreaks of the disease Rubella. These two examples where circumstances were out of a woman’s control demonstrated the importance for women to have a choice. The AIDS epidemic in the 1980’s highlighted the need for sex education and sexually transmitted disease testing, both areas where Planned Parenthood is frontline and committed to fight for . In the 1990’s abstinence-only sexual education