Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Red Death - 1868 Words

Edgar Allan Poe the Effects of His Life to His Work One is molded and sculpted into the person we are today. From our experiences and our background. Who we are and who we become does not depend on us. We are driven by the world around us. Everyone goes through tragic events in their life. Ones might be small, others might be great, however they still have a significant impact in your life. These events may be wonderful, full of happiness and joy, or a tragic event full of misery. Unfortunately, some people are destined to live a life in torment. Living their lives in sadness and tragedy after tragedy. For the author, Edgar Allan Poe he began his life of torment of only two years old when his mother died. The writer Edgar Allan Poe was tormented by diseases, and the deaths of his loved ones and, family members which inspired him to wright The Fall of the House of Usher, The Masque the Red Death, The Raven and Annabel Lee. â€Å" He lived with illness and misfortune †¦ there was almost no catastrophe that didn’t touch his life at some point† (Arno Rarlen) The death of the people that he adored and loved caused Poe to wright many of his great short stories and poems, like The Fall of the House of Usher. The Fall of the House of Usher a horrific story of dieses death and insanity the mirror image of Poe’s life. The death of the women in Poe’s life marks a significant moment in Poe’s life. The death of his mother (Elizabeth Arnold Poe). â€Å"left him with an abiding sense of loss andShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Masque Of The Red Death1409 Words   |  6 PagesA Literary Analysis of Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† Edgar Allan Poe is popularly known as a Gothic short story writer. He has produced many gruesome stories, including the short story â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death†. In this short tale, Prince Prospero decides to lock himself and his friends of the court into a magnificently decorated abbey to escape becoming ill of a disease which has caused half the people in his land to perish. The Prince provides indulgences and throws partiesRead More Juxtaposing the Most Similar Contradiction in Edgar Allan Poes Work2077 Words   |  9 PagesThroughout all of Edgar Allan Poes works are common ideas that oppose each such as madness versus sanity, reality versus the imagined reality and life versus death. Usually these sentiments are taken as contrasting ideas with little similarities to each other, like black and white. However, many of these motifs are situated in the grey category. Poe uses the communal thought pathway to highlight its antithesis; the pathway of grey. With the new pa thway, he emphasizes the similarities of the opposingRead MoreWhy Should We Care?1748 Words   |  7 PagesWhy Should We Care?: Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"Few creatures of the night have captured [reader’s] imagination[s] like [Edgar Allan Poe]† (â€Å"Vampires†). Poe has fascinated the literary world since he first became known for writing in 1829, when he was just twenty years old (Chronology†). While he is widely known for exploring the macabre, his work is controversial because of its psychologically disturbing nature. 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In the allegory â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death†, written by Edgar Allan Poe in 1842, Poe teaches that death is predestined and that you cannot avoid fate. Poe focuses in on an unusual characterRead MoreAnalysis Of Poe s The Fall Of The House Of Usher 3197 Words   |  13 PagesDecember 10, 2014 Poe’s â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† Edgar Allan Poe is an American poet from the early 1800s who has been regarded in many literary handbooks as â€Å"the architect of the modern short story† (Poetry Foundation). Since his death in 1849, Poe has become world renowned for his critical theories as well as his many haunting poems and short stories. But Poe s work hasn’t always been as popular as it is today. In 1827, Poe published his first collection of poetry, Tamerlane, and Other

Essay on Imperium in Imperio - 1714 Words

Imperium in Imperio is a novel that focuses on the problem of race in America. Sutton Griggs portrays the tale of a radical yet secret movement, told by two contemporaries. This is the first major political novel written by an African-American. The main characters of the novel confront the torment and conflict of their time. Griggs deploys his characters to illustrate the climate of the day. He touches on such issues as miscegenation, Jim Crow, the political exploitation of the Black man, and the lack of protection of freed slaves (Griggs 8). The novel was published in 1899, during the heat of the Post-Bellum period. At this point in time Blacks had only experienced thirty four years of freedom. The Reconstruction era marked†¦show more content†¦In a time when civil rights relied on the color of your skin, the odds were not in Beltons favor. As a result of his skin tone, he was submersed in racism, which would have a serious affect on his life. Although Bernard was also Black, his life was less bound to torment than that of a dark skinned man. His light skin appearance worked to his benefit and was also to his disadvantage. Both Belton and Bernard were well educated, yet pursued two polar opposite political views. Their upbringing will illustrate and explain why they adopted such opposite perspectives. Although Bernard was favored in school, Belton never envied him. Belton became accustomed to being treated with cruelty and injustice. He performed above and beyond his expectations, in order to disprove those who didnt believe in him. He used the hatred of white people to fuel his passion to convince and teach the white people of the New Negro. By applying his talents he constantly impressed and convinced Whites that Negroes could have intellectual prowess. Both Bernard and Belton lived their lives in this manner; Bernard assuming the role of the intellectual mulatto, and Belton as the surprisingly overachieving New Negro. This distinction worked to Bernards advantage, yet it is contrarily problematic for Belton. Belton is a man of intellect and morals, yet he has no room for error. Throughout his life he strived to excel in the system within whiteShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Forest Mcdonad s States Rights And The Union1101 Words   |  5 PagesIn Forest McDonad’s Sta tes Rights and the Union: Imperium in the Imperio, 1776-1876, he simply begins the book by stating the main problem that the United States faced during the first one hundred years of existence: the state and national government authority were not easily separated. Before the time period of which McDonald analyzes, the people of the future country, the United States, lived in England, where the line between state and national government authority was clear. McDonald mentionsRead MoreEssay about Greek Politics5547 Words   |  23 Pagesa matter of considerable contention over time. The consuls, of whom there were two, were the chief civil and military magistrates. They invested with imperium, the power of magistrates to command armies and (within limits) to coerce citizens, and convened Senate and curiate and centuriate assemblies. There were two to eight praetors who had imperium as well. Their main functions were to give military commands and to administer civil law at Rome. The a ediles were the plebeian only and curule, plebeianRead MoreMidterm 3 History Essay8024 Words   |  33 Pagesname meant â€Å"Revered One.† significant because he was the son of a god.  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Which two powers formed Augustus’ basis of authority?   When did he arrange to take them?   What did he rely on prior to taking on these more formal powers? o   Ã‚  Maius Imperium (â€Å"Greater Power†) and Tribunicia Potestas (â€Å"Power of Tribune†) formed Augustus’ basis of authority.  §   Made him sacrosanct  §   Could convene the Senate  §   Could propose legislation to senate o   Ã‚  He arranged to take them during the Second ConstitutionalRead MoreArticle II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies16349 Words   |  66 PagesSUBDIVISION of a nation or a state which is CONSTITUTED BY LAW and has SUBSTANTIALCONTROL of LOCAL AFFAIRS. Unitary System of the Philippines: LOCAL GOVERNMENT can only be an infra-sovereign subdivision of ONE SOVEREIGN NATION. It cannot be an imperium in imperio but only: (1)a measure of autonomy (2)decentralization of the FUNCTIONS of GOVERNMENT Art. X Sec. 2.  The TERRITORIAL and POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS shall enjoy LOCAL AUTONOMY. Local Autonomy-means more than just decentralization: Decentralization

Corporate Law Of ASIC v Citigroup (2007) †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Law Of ASIC v Citigroup (2007). Answer: Introduction The Federal Court handed down its landmark and most awaited decisions on 28th June 2007 in ASIC v Citigroup Global Markets Australia Pty Limited [2007] FCA 963 (Hanrahan, 2008). This was a case in which the ASIC, i.e., the Australian Securities and Investments Commission initiated claim against Citigroup and these were dismissed by the court which was seen as a huge triumph for the existing practices of the investment banks. There were two key highlights which came through this decision; the first one was that thelaw did not restrict or stop the investment banks from contracting out on the fiduciary relationships in certain circumstances, and the second one was that the information barriers could be used easily in order to determine the liability arising out of insider trading. And so, the court stated that the company, which was the defendant in this case, was not indulged in insider trading and there was no contravention of the conflict of interest related provisions (ASIC, 2017). Through this report, an attempt has been made whereby the details of this case have been highlighted. This was a diversified case, but it has been discussed in a very simplified manner here. In this regard, a brief background of this case has been given, along with the duties contravened and the court decision. Background The case of ASIC v Citigroup involved Citigroup, which is short for Citigroup Global Markets Australia Pty Ltd, undertaking the business in different divisions including equities trading (ET) and investment banking (IB). The private side of the employees, i.e., IB were exposed to the confidential information which was market sensitive (OBrien, 2007). The public employees, i.e., ET, on the other hand, did not have exposure to this information. Chinese Walls had been set up by the company in order for the flow of information to be restricted in between these divisions of its business. Legal claims were initiated in this case once the shares of Patrick Corporation Limited, herein referred to as Patrick were purchased by the public employees of the company (Seeto, 2008). The reason why a legal case was raised was due to the timing of this purchase as at the very same time, the other division of the company, i.e., IB was acting upon the takeover bid proposed of Patrick for another company, i.e., Toll Holdings, which has been herein referred to as Toll. Before Toll made the announcement regarding the bid of Patrick, the shares of the company were bought on the last trading day. When the IB division became aware of this purchase, they undertook different steps so that the purchase of more share of Patrick by ET division could be halted. Following the directions of IB, ET stopped the purchase of more shares of Patrick. Though, just when 30 minutes were left before the closure of trading, ET sold 200,000 shares, which had been bought at the same day and these were sold at a good profit margin. Following day, Toll publicized about the takeover bid for Patrick (Seeto, 2008). Contravened Duties/ Responsibilities The claim which was made by the ASIC in this case stated that there had been breaches of different provisions covered under the Corporations Act, 2001, which is an act of commonwealth, which applies over the companies in Australia (Cassidy, 2006; Latimer, 2012). ASIC stated that there had been breaches of section 912(1)(a) of the Corporations Act, on the basis of 5 different places. Under this section, those who hold Australian Financial Services Licence, i.e., AFSL were required to be put together for proper arrangements in order to effectively manage the conflict of interest, particularly the ones which relate to financial services (ICNL, 2017). These claims were made on the basis of the present fiduciary relationship which was present between the defendant and Toll (Stringer Harkness, 2007). ASIC also made a claim that these fiduciary duties owed towards Toll by Citigroup were not met as Citigroup has been indulged in conduct which could be best deemed as unconscionable as a resu lt of which, section 12CA(1) of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act, 2001 (Cth) had been contravened, in addition to the contravention of the commonlaw as a result of the conflict of interest being allowed and the duty being contravened (Jacobson, 2007). There was also a failure on part of Citigroup to inform Toll about the shares of Patrick which had been acquired by Citigroup and this led to the claim that Citigroup was involved in a conduct which could be deemed as misleading or deceptive, resulting in a contravention of section 1041H of the Corporations Act, 2001 and section 12DA of Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001. The bases of these contraventions were due to the fiduciary duty owed by Citigroup towards Toll for making the proper disclosures regarding the information which related to the bid being undertaken. This led to two claims being made by ASIC against Citigroup for the undertaken insider trading. First claim was made on the basis that the shares which had been sold off by Citigroup were done through the proprietary trade who held the insider information. Secondly, Citigroup was trading on Patricks shares where the private side employees in the IB division held the insider information relating to this transaction (Stringer Harkness, 2007). Courts Decision The court, in order to decide upon the issues surrounding the conflict of interest, held that the claimed upon fiduciary relationship of Citigroup was not present with Toll in this case. This was due to the reason that the mandate letter present amidst Citigroup and Toll clearly stated that Citigroup had been retained by Toll in the position of independent contract as a result of which there was an absence of capacity in this case, particularly the fiduciary one. This resulted in the court coming to the conclusion that the exclusion of fiduciary relationship was an effective one. The court also noted that the mandate letter covering the express terms whereby the pre-contractual dealing between Patrick and Toll could have easily shown that a fiduciary relationship was present between the two, in case there had been one in the first place (Allens, 2007). The reason for coming to this decision was properly elucidated by the court. The court stated that the relationship which is present between an advisor and their client does not inherently affirm the presence of a fiduciary relationship, till the same belonged to a particular or specific category of client and attorney, which was not the case here. Instead the scope and the presence of the fiduciary relationship is dependent upon the factual circumstances, along with the contractual terms of the contract which takes place between two or more parties (McCabe, 2007). This is also true when a contractual relation provides clearly that the basis of the relations, the liabilities and rights of each of the parties to the contract to be regulated by the undertaken contract, and the operation of fiduciary duty to be modified or excluded by the parties to the contract. In response to this, ASIC referred to section 912(1)(aa) of the Corporations Act as per which a fiduciary relationship is not required to be present (WIPO, 2015). This made the existence of the fiduciary relations a crucial aspect of the ASIC claims particularly for the adequacy of the conflict management arrangements of Citigroup. The basis of the unconscionable conduct and the misleading or deceptive conduct was also the presence of such relations (The Sydney Morning Herald, 2007). The court thoroughly discussed upon the claims raised for the insider trading by ASIC. The first claim of insider trading was made for the supposition of the proprietary trader that the actions of Citigroup played a key role in the matter of takeover of Toll by Patrick. This claim, for being valid, had to show the knowledge of proprietary trader to the defendant. As per section 1042G of the Corporations Act, only in the specified circumstances can the knowledge of the officers of company can be attributed to the company (Federal Register of Legislation, 2017). ASIC had contended that this was present as a result of the authorization which had been given to the proprietary trader which allowed them to trade up to a value of $10 million daily and that this case fell in this category as a result of which the financial standing of the Citigroup could be impacted (Stringer Harkness, 2007). These claims of ASIC were deemed as insufficient by the court. There had to be indulgence or involvement in policy making or decision making for this condition to be fulfilled, which could impact the business of the company in whole or part manner. ASIC did not rely upon section 769 of this act (Stringer Harkness, 2007). Further, this section was related to the state of mind of an employee to the company and showed the knowledge of the employee, which was beyond the knowledge as an officer of company (Australian Government, 2017). In the second issues, the contention was made that the knowledge was present regarding the bid of Patrick. The court held that Citigroup had deployed adequate safeguards in form of Chinese Walls as was needed based on section 1043F and there was no standard of absolute perfection which had to be established for this purpose (Jade, 2007). Hence, the arrangements of Citigroup were deemed as sufficient for complying with the requirements of this section. The court also stated that the arrangement of defendant did not anticipate the circumstances which had taken place expressly; though it had been stated that the general procedure, which was required, in reasonable manner for undertaking some compliance, had to be vetted by the legal officer of the company, particularly when the communication covered price sensitive information, which could cross the Chinese Wall, to be prevented from happening (Austlii, 2007). The court also highlighted that the defence which was available pursuant to section 1043 of the Corporations Act, had to be applied and that it had to be shown that apart from the Chinese Walls being placed in a proper manner, there was a need for the related information to be communicated in a proper manner to such person who had the decision making power for such trade. As a result of the indirect terms in which the private side of employees communicated with Head of Equities, in addition to the conversation terms between Head of Equities and the proprietary trader, the court came to the conclusion that the relevant information had never been communicated. This helps in establishing that the proper placement of Chinese Walls helps in addressing the issue properly (Euromoney, 2007). The court also observed that the written polices and the compliance procedures of the defendant showed that the required procedure had been aptly followed. The written policy of the company whereby the IBs were restricted from communicating the confidential information to the ET division without indulging a legal personnel for accessing the materiality of the information and that there had been a proper placement of Chinese Walls in the requisite places. The employees were provided with proper and regular training so as to avoiding any conflicting situation (Seeto, 2008). Conclusion ASIC v Citigroup has been seen as a major victory for the companies which deploy sufficient mechanisms for safeguarding the company against issues like insider trading. In this case, the claims raised by ASIC were set aside by the court and they held that there had been no contraventions on part of the company particularly with regards to the claimed insider trading due to absence of fiduciary relation and proper placement of Chinese Walls. This case highlighted that Citigroup had successfully fulfilled the requirements set out under statutorylaws which were applicable on the company. This case also becomes a key example for the other companies for effectively using Chinese Walls for restricting the flow of information from one division of the company to another. This case acts as an important warning and a reminder that by installing proper safeguards and by following the law, the company can safeguard itself from accusations of insider trading. References Cassidy, J. (2006). Concise Corporations Law (5th ed.). NSW: The Federation Press. Allens. (2007). Client Update: Commercial Litigation ASIC Fails In Conflict Of Interest And Insider Trading Case Against Citigroup. Retrieved from: https://www.allens.com.au/pubs/ldr/cucljun07.htm ASIC. (2017). 07-171 Decision in ASIC v Citigroup. Retrieved from: https://asic.gov.au/about-asic/media-centre/find-a-media-release/2007-releases/07-171-decision-in-asic-v-citigroup/ Austlii. (2007). Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Citigroup Global Markets Australia Pty Limited (ACN 113 114832) (No. 4) [2007] FCA 963 (28 June 2007). Retrieved from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/cth/FCA/2007/963.html?stem=0synonyms=0query=Citigroup Australian Government. (2017). Corporations Act 2001. Retrieved from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00605 Euromoney. (2007). A big win for the banks: The impact of ASIC v Citigroup. Retrieved from: https://www.euromoney.com/Article/1407811/A-big-win-for-the-banks-The-impact-of-ASIC-v-Citigroup.html Federal Register of Legislation. (2017). Corporations Act 2001. Retrieved from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00605 Hanrahan, P.F. (2008). ASIC v Citigroup: Investment banks, conflicts of interest, and Chinese walls. Retrieved from: https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/1709837/67-Hanrahan_-_ASIC_v_Citigroup1.pdf ICNL. (2017). Corporations Act 2001. Retrieved from: https://www.icnl.org/research/library/files/Australia/Corps2001Vol4WD02.pdf Jacobson, D. (2007). ASIC v Citigroup Decision: No Conflict And No Insider Trading. Retrieved from: http https://www.brightlaw.com.au/asic-v-citigroup-decision-no-conflict-and-no-insider-trading/ Jade. (2007). Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Citigroup Global Markets Australia Pty Limited (ACN 113 114832) (No. 4). Retrieved from: https://jade.io/article/11171 Latimer, P. (2012). Australian Business Law 2012 (31st ed.). Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. McCabe, B. (2007). ASIC v Citigroup and fiduciary obligations. Retrieved from: https://epublications.bond.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007context=cgej O'Brien, J. (2007). Private Equity, Corporate Governance and the Dynamics of Capital Market Regulation. London: Imperial College Press. Seeto, G. (2008). ASIC v Citigroup - The compliance implications. Retrieved from: https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2008/january/asic-v-citigroup-the-compliance-implications Stringer, R., Harkness, J. (2007). Citigroup what does it tell us that we didnt already know?. Retrieved from: https://www.governanceinstitute.com.au/media/409666/citigroup_conflict_management_august2007.pdf The Sydney Morning Herald. (2007). Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Citigroup Global Markets Australia Pty Limited (ACN 113 114 832) (No. 4) [2007] FCA 963. Retrieved from: https://www.smh.com.au/pdf/ASICvCitigroup.pdf WIPO. (2015). Corporations Act 2001. Retrieved from: https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=370817

Promotion Gloria Jeans Coffees

Introduction In every organisation, there are some key management decisions about marketing, which play a pivotal role in determining the performance of an organisation. Managers have the ability to control these variables in their attempt to maximize the satisfaction level of their customers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Promotion: Gloria Jean’s Coffees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These include the product, price, distribution and management. These variables are referred to as management mix. When combined in the right manner, these management mix variables contribute in improving the performance of an organisation. To Gloria Jean’s coffees, promotion as a marketing strategy has significantly contributed to the company’s success. Gloria Jean’s coffees started as a family coffee shop near Chicago, United States, almost thirty years ago. Currently, Gloria Jean’s coffee ha s been ranked as the second largest coffee retailer in the world (Becatti, 2007). Furthermore, the organisation has opened eight hundred stores all over the world. Gloria Jean’s coffee is the market leader in several countries. For instance, the company has dominated the market in Australia. The company has been attracting cooperation of other companies due to its well developed reputation. For instance, the company joined hands with hospitality major Citymax India to launch a chain of coffee house across India in early 2008 (Rao, 2009). Up to date, the company has been expanding. One strategy that has contributed to this rapid expansion is promotion. Recently, the company has opened a shop in South Africa. According to Becatti (2007), the company has recorded a rate of growth of between 35 and 45 percent since its establishment in February 2007. In order to protect its market, the company should effectively apply promotion as a marketing policy mix. This will enable the comp any to maintain high level of sales.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As already noted, promotion is one of the main marketing mix variables used in maximizing the level of customer satisfaction. The promotion process involves selling the company’s product to the potential consumers. Promotion tools used by Gloria Jean’s Coffees As already noted, Gloria Jean’s Coffees is one of the most successful coffee franchises in the world. The company has recorded a high rate of expansion and growth which has been the main factors which have contributed to its growth. The company’s success can be attributed to its well structured promotion strategy that is part of its marketing mix. The company uses several methods of promotion. These include advertising, public relations, personal selling, media, and messages. Gloria Jean’s Coffees supplies each of it s market with adequate marketing tools, a factor which has significantly contributed to its success (Gloria Jean’s Coffees, 2011). The company has applied intensively best practices in promotions as well as images in its effort to deliver in the markets its core values which involves adaptation to the local tastes Advertising In advertising, Gloria Jean’s Coffees Company uses several types of media to pass information to the potential customers. In most cases, the company benefits from this method when it opens a new shop in a certain region. The company applies variety of media including print, broadcast and display media. Television is one of the frequently used media by the company. One of the main advantages of using television is because it helps the company to reach a greater number of its target audience. Therefore, this media lowers the promotion cost per head. Through this method of advertisement, the company has managed to build its brand in the new market. T his method has yielded good returns through increased sales revenue. Another method of advertisement which has been applied by the Gloria Jean’s Coffees Company is the display media. This method has also significantly contributed in increasing sales of the organisation. Through the display media, the company uses attractive pictures which easily draw the attention of the targeted audience in the market. Consequently, the company manages to pass information more easily to the group. One major advantage of this medium of advertisement is that it is more cost effective. It does not require large sums of money like in the case of television.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Promotion: Gloria Jean’s Coffees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Advertisement as a method of promotion is associated with a number of advantages. To start with, advertisement is effective in reaching a wide range of audience (Treha n, M and Trehan, R., 2009).This is more so when advertising is conducted through a media which reaches a large number of people. The method will reach greater number of people compared to other methods like the sales promotion. Another advantage of this method is that it is most effective in creating awareness. When the audience views a certain advert on television regularly, this increases their awareness of the product in the market. This builds their curiosity to try the new product. This significantly helps in increasing sales. Again, advertising helps in building customer trust through repetition of the main brand and product. Despite these achievements of advertising as a method of promotion, it suffers some limitations. To start with, it is impersonal and, therefore, it becomes impossible to answer the customer’s questions (Lamb, 2009). However, when a product is introduced in a new market, customers usually have some questions about the product. By using this method i n promotion, Gloria Jean’s Coffees is limited in interacting with the customers effectively. For instance, the company sometimes needs to learn about the customers’ tastes and preferences. In this method of promotion, it becomes difficult to pick views from the potential customers. This may limit the success of promotion to some extent. When used on its own, this method is not effective in making the customer to make their final decisions in purchasing the product. In other words, this method is not solely reliable in convincing the customers to purchase the product. Sales promotion Sales promotion is another method which the company has employed in promotion. Sales promotion has also significantly helped the organisation to boost sales volume. In addition, sales promotion has been of great importance in creating consumer awareness. Through promotion, the company has managed to make their potential customers aware of the product in the market. This method has been of g reat importance when the company is venturing into new markets. As already noted, the company has been growing at a very high rate. For instance, it has opened a new shop at Johannesburg. In such a region, most of the people may not be aware of the company’s product.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, it becomes very difficult to sell the product in such market. However, the company has managed to bring awareness to the potential customers through sales promotion. This attracts customers hence increasing the level of sales. One advantage of using sales promotion is that it can stimulate quick increases in sales by targeting promotional incentives on particular products. These can significantly help in improving the performance of the organisation in the short run. This method has helped Gloria Jean’s Coffees in increasing the sales in their market networks. However, this method of promotion suffers from the fact that excessive promotion can be dangerous. For instance, customers may get used to the effect in the long-run. Again, promotion can also be harmful on the fact that it may damage the image of the brand (Trehan, M and Trehan, R., 2009). Personal selling This is a process where the sellers engage in oral communication with the potential buyers with an a im of making a sale. This method has significantly helped Gloria Jean’s Coffees increasing the level of sales. Through this method, the company manages to convince potential customers to consume its products. This helps in winning consumers from the competitors in the coffee market. One advantage of this method is that it is interactive and, therefore, possible to get the feedback from the customers on their views on the product. This helps the company in analyzing the tastes of consumers in a certain region. Through this method, the company manages to pass important details about its product to its customers. This method, however, suffers from the limitation that it is not possible to reach a very large number of people. Therefore, it proves impotent in some cases whereto the market is too big. This method is also costly as it requires the organisation to hire more sales force which comes along with hidden costs. This has negatively affected the productivity of the organisat ion. Public relations According to Pezzullo (1998), public relations play an important role in helping an organisation and its public in adapting mutually to each other. Gloria Jean’s Coffees Company has used public relations in increasing its sales. The company uses this method by creating a good image in the eyes of the public through media hence encouraging positive commentary from them. This significantly contributes in promoting the company products in a certain market. One advantage of this method is that is possible to reach a large number of customers (Tutor2, 2011). This reduces the average costs of marketing the product. The message sent through public relations seems more credible as they are viewed as coming from different parties (Tutor2, 2011). This improves on the effectiveness in enticing consumers to buy the product. Public relations tools like magazines and newspapers have been of great importance to Gloria Jean’s Coffees Company while venturing in ma rkets all over the world where the company is not widely known. In such areas, the company uses the local media in building its credibility. This method suffers from the fact that the company may lose control. For instance, Gloria Jean’s Coffees Company cannot convince all the people what to say or write about them. Importance of promotion as a policy mix In every organisation, promotion is a very important practice in determining the success of an organisation. This is because the level of sales which a company makes is determined by the effectiveness of its promotional process. Therefore, it is necessary for organizations to invest in promotional activities. In the current business world, many consumers have developed a culture of looking for the promotions before purchasing (Anonymous, 1999). Therefore, it is important to conduct promotion in order to attract such kinds of consumers in an organisation. Another importance of promotion to the organisation is provision an ext ra incentive to purchase. For instance, by providing promotions to the consumers, it gives them a chance to realize the quality of the product. This can significantly help in attracting potential customers to start consuming the product. Another importance of promotion to Gloria Jean’s Coffees Company is that the process has led to an increase in impulse buying. When the company engages in promotional activities, some customers are enticed to buy even without the plans to do so. In the process, the organisation manages to increase the level of its sales significantly. The promotional practices also create excitement among the employees. This further provides an incentive to buy more of the company’s products. Promotion as one of the marketing mix plays a very important role every organisation. In the current business world, the market has become very competitive than any other time. Consumer expectations have also significantly changed. This situation has increased the need to have a clear promotion strategy. To Gloria Jeans Coffee’s, promotion has contributed to the success of the organisation in various ways. For instance, the company’s growth is expected to be about 20 per cent as a result of the extended promotional strategy. Through promotional activities, the company has reduced any confusion to the consumer in the oversaturated market where the communities are very common to each other. According to Gersowky, the word of mouth has significantly promoted the company’s products through the promotion activities. This has contributed in building the brand which promotes the level of sales. In its effort to venture into new markets, the company is forced to launch its new products. In this process, the company has to create awareness of the different product offerings so that the customer can be informed about the products while purchasing. Some limitations of promotion to the organisation Despite these achievements related to the promotional activities at Gloria Jean’s Coffees, the company has faced several limitations from these activities. One of the main reverse effects of promotion activities is that some consumers may just sit back and wait for the incentives. In such cases, the organisation fails to realize the desired aims of promotional activities. This implies that the company does not compensate for the funds spent in providing incentives to such consumers. In executing promotion as a marketing mix, the company incurs some costs. This has significantly reduced the profit margins of the company. Again, customers may tend to stock up during the promotion process which reduces the level of sales significantly. In this case, the promotional activities bring about reverse effects. When this happens, the promotional exercise fails as it will lead to losses. Conclusion In conclusion, this discussion has clearly shown that promotion has played a pivotal role at Gloria Jean’s Coffees C ompany. Promotion is significant as it has helped the organisation in selling its products to its potential customers. Without promotion, very few people will be aware of a particular product which is provided by an organisation in the market. In other words, promotion has helped the company in informing its potential customers on the presence of its product in the market. As we have already seen, Gloria Jean’s Coffees company has managed to spread its stores across the world through its ability to spread its promotional activities, a factor which has led to high level of sales. Promotion practices have also helped the organisation in enticing the customers to purchase its products. This is more so in the current market world which is characterized by a very high level of competition. The major concern of any business is to maximize its profits. The main way through which a business can increase its profits is by maximizing its level of sales. If an organisation cannot manage to sell what it produces, then it cannot be able to make maximum sales. As already seen, the best way through which an organisation can do this is through promotion. Therefore, promotion as a marketing mix tool has significantly contributed in improving the profitability of Gloria Jean’s Coffees. Reference List Anonymous. 1999. The Marketing Mix (The 4 P’s of Marketing). Web. Becatti, F. 2007. Marketing Mix: Strategic Marketing Insight. Vol 25 Issue No. 7/8 I 2007 I R25. Web. Gloria Jean’s Coffees. 2011. Immersed Marketing. Web. Lamb, C. 2009. Marketing. Canada, Cengage Learning. Pezzullo, M. 1998. Marketing financial services. U.S.A.: Kogan Page Publishers. Rao, R. 2010. Coffee – Other brands. Web. Trehan, M. and Trehan, R. 2009. Advertising and Sales Management. New Delhi: FK Publications. Tuto2. 2011. Promotion – introduction to the promotional mix. Web. This essay on Promotion: Gloria Jean’s Coffees was written and submitted by user Jason Day to help you with your own studies. 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