Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Red Death - 1868 Words

Edgar Allan Poe the Effects of His Life to His Work One is molded and sculpted into the person we are today. From our experiences and our background. Who we are and who we become does not depend on us. We are driven by the world around us. Everyone goes through tragic events in their life. Ones might be small, others might be great, however they still have a significant impact in your life. These events may be wonderful, full of happiness and joy, or a tragic event full of misery. Unfortunately, some people are destined to live a life in torment. Living their lives in sadness and tragedy after tragedy. For the author, Edgar Allan Poe he began his life of torment of only two years old when his mother died. The writer Edgar Allan Poe was tormented by diseases, and the deaths of his loved ones and, family members which inspired him to wright The Fall of the House of Usher, The Masque the Red Death, The Raven and Annabel Lee. â€Å" He lived with illness and misfortune †¦ there was almost no catastrophe that didn’t touch his life at some point† (Arno Rarlen) The death of the people that he adored and loved caused Poe to wright many of his great short stories and poems, like The Fall of the House of Usher. The Fall of the House of Usher a horrific story of dieses death and insanity the mirror image of Poe’s life. The death of the women in Poe’s life marks a significant moment in Poe’s life. The death of his mother (Elizabeth Arnold Poe). â€Å"left him with an abiding sense of loss andShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Masque Of The Red Death1409 Words   |  6 PagesA Literary Analysis of Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† Edgar Allan Poe is popularly known as a Gothic short story writer. He has produced many gruesome stories, including the short story â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death†. In this short tale, Prince Prospero decides to lock himself and his friends of the court into a magnificently decorated abbey to escape becoming ill of a disease which has caused half the people in his land to perish. The Prince provides indulgences and throws partiesRead More Juxtaposing the Most Similar Contradiction in Edgar Allan Poes Work2077 Words   |  9 PagesThroughout all of Edgar Allan Poes works are common ideas that oppose each such as madness versus sanity, reality versus the imagined reality and life versus death. Usually these sentiments are taken as contrasting ideas with little similarities to each other, like black and white. However, many of these motifs are situated in the grey category. Poe uses the communal thought pathway to highlight its antithesis; the pathway of grey. With the new pa thway, he emphasizes the similarities of the opposingRead MoreWhy Should We Care?1748 Words   |  7 PagesWhy Should We Care?: Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"Few creatures of the night have captured [reader’s] imagination[s] like [Edgar Allan Poe]† (â€Å"Vampires†). Poe has fascinated the literary world since he first became known for writing in 1829, when he was just twenty years old (Chronology†). While he is widely known for exploring the macabre, his work is controversial because of its psychologically disturbing nature. 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In the allegory â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death†, written by Edgar Allan Poe in 1842, Poe teaches that death is predestined and that you cannot avoid fate. Poe focuses in on an unusual characterRead MoreAnalysis Of Poe s The Fall Of The House Of Usher 3197 Words   |  13 PagesDecember 10, 2014 Poe’s â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† Edgar Allan Poe is an American poet from the early 1800s who has been regarded in many literary handbooks as â€Å"the architect of the modern short story† (Poetry Foundation). Since his death in 1849, Poe has become world renowned for his critical theories as well as his many haunting poems and short stories. But Poe s work hasn’t always been as popular as it is today. In 1827, Poe published his first collection of poetry, Tamerlane, and Other

Essay on Imperium in Imperio - 1714 Words

Imperium in Imperio is a novel that focuses on the problem of race in America. Sutton Griggs portrays the tale of a radical yet secret movement, told by two contemporaries. This is the first major political novel written by an African-American. The main characters of the novel confront the torment and conflict of their time. Griggs deploys his characters to illustrate the climate of the day. He touches on such issues as miscegenation, Jim Crow, the political exploitation of the Black man, and the lack of protection of freed slaves (Griggs 8). The novel was published in 1899, during the heat of the Post-Bellum period. At this point in time Blacks had only experienced thirty four years of freedom. The Reconstruction era marked†¦show more content†¦In a time when civil rights relied on the color of your skin, the odds were not in Beltons favor. As a result of his skin tone, he was submersed in racism, which would have a serious affect on his life. Although Bernard was also Black, his life was less bound to torment than that of a dark skinned man. His light skin appearance worked to his benefit and was also to his disadvantage. Both Belton and Bernard were well educated, yet pursued two polar opposite political views. Their upbringing will illustrate and explain why they adopted such opposite perspectives. Although Bernard was favored in school, Belton never envied him. Belton became accustomed to being treated with cruelty and injustice. He performed above and beyond his expectations, in order to disprove those who didnt believe in him. He used the hatred of white people to fuel his passion to convince and teach the white people of the New Negro. By applying his talents he constantly impressed and convinced Whites that Negroes could have intellectual prowess. Both Bernard and Belton lived their lives in this manner; Bernard assuming the role of the intellectual mulatto, and Belton as the surprisingly overachieving New Negro. This distinction worked to Bernards advantage, yet it is contrarily problematic for Belton. Belton is a man of intellect and morals, yet he has no room for error. Throughout his life he strived to excel in the system within whiteShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Forest Mcdonad s States Rights And The Union1101 Words   |  5 PagesIn Forest McDonad’s Sta tes Rights and the Union: Imperium in the Imperio, 1776-1876, he simply begins the book by stating the main problem that the United States faced during the first one hundred years of existence: the state and national government authority were not easily separated. Before the time period of which McDonald analyzes, the people of the future country, the United States, lived in England, where the line between state and national government authority was clear. McDonald mentionsRead MoreEssay about Greek Politics5547 Words   |  23 Pagesa matter of considerable contention over time. The consuls, of whom there were two, were the chief civil and military magistrates. They invested with imperium, the power of magistrates to command armies and (within limits) to coerce citizens, and convened Senate and curiate and centuriate assemblies. There were two to eight praetors who had imperium as well. Their main functions were to give military commands and to administer civil law at Rome. The a ediles were the plebeian only and curule, plebeianRead MoreMidterm 3 History Essay8024 Words   |  33 Pagesname meant â€Å"Revered One.† significant because he was the son of a god.  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Which two powers formed Augustus’ basis of authority?   When did he arrange to take them?   What did he rely on prior to taking on these more formal powers? o   Ã‚  Maius Imperium (â€Å"Greater Power†) and Tribunicia Potestas (â€Å"Power of Tribune†) formed Augustus’ basis of authority.  §   Made him sacrosanct  §   Could convene the Senate  §   Could propose legislation to senate o   Ã‚  He arranged to take them during the Second ConstitutionalRead MoreArticle II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies16349 Words   |  66 PagesSUBDIVISION of a nation or a state which is CONSTITUTED BY LAW and has SUBSTANTIALCONTROL of LOCAL AFFAIRS. Unitary System of the Philippines: LOCAL GOVERNMENT can only be an infra-sovereign subdivision of ONE SOVEREIGN NATION. It cannot be an imperium in imperio but only: (1)a measure of autonomy (2)decentralization of the FUNCTIONS of GOVERNMENT Art. X Sec. 2.  The TERRITORIAL and POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS shall enjoy LOCAL AUTONOMY. Local Autonomy-means more than just decentralization: Decentralization

Corporate Law Of ASIC v Citigroup (2007) †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Law Of ASIC v Citigroup (2007). Answer: Introduction The Federal Court handed down its landmark and most awaited decisions on 28th June 2007 in ASIC v Citigroup Global Markets Australia Pty Limited [2007] FCA 963 (Hanrahan, 2008). This was a case in which the ASIC, i.e., the Australian Securities and Investments Commission initiated claim against Citigroup and these were dismissed by the court which was seen as a huge triumph for the existing practices of the investment banks. There were two key highlights which came through this decision; the first one was that thelaw did not restrict or stop the investment banks from contracting out on the fiduciary relationships in certain circumstances, and the second one was that the information barriers could be used easily in order to determine the liability arising out of insider trading. And so, the court stated that the company, which was the defendant in this case, was not indulged in insider trading and there was no contravention of the conflict of interest related provisions (ASIC, 2017). Through this report, an attempt has been made whereby the details of this case have been highlighted. This was a diversified case, but it has been discussed in a very simplified manner here. In this regard, a brief background of this case has been given, along with the duties contravened and the court decision. Background The case of ASIC v Citigroup involved Citigroup, which is short for Citigroup Global Markets Australia Pty Ltd, undertaking the business in different divisions including equities trading (ET) and investment banking (IB). The private side of the employees, i.e., IB were exposed to the confidential information which was market sensitive (OBrien, 2007). The public employees, i.e., ET, on the other hand, did not have exposure to this information. Chinese Walls had been set up by the company in order for the flow of information to be restricted in between these divisions of its business. Legal claims were initiated in this case once the shares of Patrick Corporation Limited, herein referred to as Patrick were purchased by the public employees of the company (Seeto, 2008). The reason why a legal case was raised was due to the timing of this purchase as at the very same time, the other division of the company, i.e., IB was acting upon the takeover bid proposed of Patrick for another company, i.e., Toll Holdings, which has been herein referred to as Toll. Before Toll made the announcement regarding the bid of Patrick, the shares of the company were bought on the last trading day. When the IB division became aware of this purchase, they undertook different steps so that the purchase of more share of Patrick by ET division could be halted. Following the directions of IB, ET stopped the purchase of more shares of Patrick. Though, just when 30 minutes were left before the closure of trading, ET sold 200,000 shares, which had been bought at the same day and these were sold at a good profit margin. Following day, Toll publicized about the takeover bid for Patrick (Seeto, 2008). Contravened Duties/ Responsibilities The claim which was made by the ASIC in this case stated that there had been breaches of different provisions covered under the Corporations Act, 2001, which is an act of commonwealth, which applies over the companies in Australia (Cassidy, 2006; Latimer, 2012). ASIC stated that there had been breaches of section 912(1)(a) of the Corporations Act, on the basis of 5 different places. Under this section, those who hold Australian Financial Services Licence, i.e., AFSL were required to be put together for proper arrangements in order to effectively manage the conflict of interest, particularly the ones which relate to financial services (ICNL, 2017). These claims were made on the basis of the present fiduciary relationship which was present between the defendant and Toll (Stringer Harkness, 2007). ASIC also made a claim that these fiduciary duties owed towards Toll by Citigroup were not met as Citigroup has been indulged in conduct which could be best deemed as unconscionable as a resu lt of which, section 12CA(1) of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act, 2001 (Cth) had been contravened, in addition to the contravention of the commonlaw as a result of the conflict of interest being allowed and the duty being contravened (Jacobson, 2007). There was also a failure on part of Citigroup to inform Toll about the shares of Patrick which had been acquired by Citigroup and this led to the claim that Citigroup was involved in a conduct which could be deemed as misleading or deceptive, resulting in a contravention of section 1041H of the Corporations Act, 2001 and section 12DA of Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001. The bases of these contraventions were due to the fiduciary duty owed by Citigroup towards Toll for making the proper disclosures regarding the information which related to the bid being undertaken. This led to two claims being made by ASIC against Citigroup for the undertaken insider trading. First claim was made on the basis that the shares which had been sold off by Citigroup were done through the proprietary trade who held the insider information. Secondly, Citigroup was trading on Patricks shares where the private side employees in the IB division held the insider information relating to this transaction (Stringer Harkness, 2007). Courts Decision The court, in order to decide upon the issues surrounding the conflict of interest, held that the claimed upon fiduciary relationship of Citigroup was not present with Toll in this case. This was due to the reason that the mandate letter present amidst Citigroup and Toll clearly stated that Citigroup had been retained by Toll in the position of independent contract as a result of which there was an absence of capacity in this case, particularly the fiduciary one. This resulted in the court coming to the conclusion that the exclusion of fiduciary relationship was an effective one. The court also noted that the mandate letter covering the express terms whereby the pre-contractual dealing between Patrick and Toll could have easily shown that a fiduciary relationship was present between the two, in case there had been one in the first place (Allens, 2007). The reason for coming to this decision was properly elucidated by the court. The court stated that the relationship which is present between an advisor and their client does not inherently affirm the presence of a fiduciary relationship, till the same belonged to a particular or specific category of client and attorney, which was not the case here. Instead the scope and the presence of the fiduciary relationship is dependent upon the factual circumstances, along with the contractual terms of the contract which takes place between two or more parties (McCabe, 2007). This is also true when a contractual relation provides clearly that the basis of the relations, the liabilities and rights of each of the parties to the contract to be regulated by the undertaken contract, and the operation of fiduciary duty to be modified or excluded by the parties to the contract. In response to this, ASIC referred to section 912(1)(aa) of the Corporations Act as per which a fiduciary relationship is not required to be present (WIPO, 2015). This made the existence of the fiduciary relations a crucial aspect of the ASIC claims particularly for the adequacy of the conflict management arrangements of Citigroup. The basis of the unconscionable conduct and the misleading or deceptive conduct was also the presence of such relations (The Sydney Morning Herald, 2007). The court thoroughly discussed upon the claims raised for the insider trading by ASIC. The first claim of insider trading was made for the supposition of the proprietary trader that the actions of Citigroup played a key role in the matter of takeover of Toll by Patrick. This claim, for being valid, had to show the knowledge of proprietary trader to the defendant. As per section 1042G of the Corporations Act, only in the specified circumstances can the knowledge of the officers of company can be attributed to the company (Federal Register of Legislation, 2017). ASIC had contended that this was present as a result of the authorization which had been given to the proprietary trader which allowed them to trade up to a value of $10 million daily and that this case fell in this category as a result of which the financial standing of the Citigroup could be impacted (Stringer Harkness, 2007). These claims of ASIC were deemed as insufficient by the court. There had to be indulgence or involvement in policy making or decision making for this condition to be fulfilled, which could impact the business of the company in whole or part manner. ASIC did not rely upon section 769 of this act (Stringer Harkness, 2007). Further, this section was related to the state of mind of an employee to the company and showed the knowledge of the employee, which was beyond the knowledge as an officer of company (Australian Government, 2017). In the second issues, the contention was made that the knowledge was present regarding the bid of Patrick. The court held that Citigroup had deployed adequate safeguards in form of Chinese Walls as was needed based on section 1043F and there was no standard of absolute perfection which had to be established for this purpose (Jade, 2007). Hence, the arrangements of Citigroup were deemed as sufficient for complying with the requirements of this section. The court also stated that the arrangement of defendant did not anticipate the circumstances which had taken place expressly; though it had been stated that the general procedure, which was required, in reasonable manner for undertaking some compliance, had to be vetted by the legal officer of the company, particularly when the communication covered price sensitive information, which could cross the Chinese Wall, to be prevented from happening (Austlii, 2007). The court also highlighted that the defence which was available pursuant to section 1043 of the Corporations Act, had to be applied and that it had to be shown that apart from the Chinese Walls being placed in a proper manner, there was a need for the related information to be communicated in a proper manner to such person who had the decision making power for such trade. As a result of the indirect terms in which the private side of employees communicated with Head of Equities, in addition to the conversation terms between Head of Equities and the proprietary trader, the court came to the conclusion that the relevant information had never been communicated. This helps in establishing that the proper placement of Chinese Walls helps in addressing the issue properly (Euromoney, 2007). The court also observed that the written polices and the compliance procedures of the defendant showed that the required procedure had been aptly followed. The written policy of the company whereby the IBs were restricted from communicating the confidential information to the ET division without indulging a legal personnel for accessing the materiality of the information and that there had been a proper placement of Chinese Walls in the requisite places. The employees were provided with proper and regular training so as to avoiding any conflicting situation (Seeto, 2008). Conclusion ASIC v Citigroup has been seen as a major victory for the companies which deploy sufficient mechanisms for safeguarding the company against issues like insider trading. In this case, the claims raised by ASIC were set aside by the court and they held that there had been no contraventions on part of the company particularly with regards to the claimed insider trading due to absence of fiduciary relation and proper placement of Chinese Walls. This case highlighted that Citigroup had successfully fulfilled the requirements set out under statutorylaws which were applicable on the company. This case also becomes a key example for the other companies for effectively using Chinese Walls for restricting the flow of information from one division of the company to another. This case acts as an important warning and a reminder that by installing proper safeguards and by following the law, the company can safeguard itself from accusations of insider trading. References Cassidy, J. (2006). Concise Corporations Law (5th ed.). NSW: The Federation Press. Allens. (2007). Client Update: Commercial Litigation ASIC Fails In Conflict Of Interest And Insider Trading Case Against Citigroup. Retrieved from: https://www.allens.com.au/pubs/ldr/cucljun07.htm ASIC. (2017). 07-171 Decision in ASIC v Citigroup. Retrieved from: https://asic.gov.au/about-asic/media-centre/find-a-media-release/2007-releases/07-171-decision-in-asic-v-citigroup/ Austlii. (2007). Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Citigroup Global Markets Australia Pty Limited (ACN 113 114832) (No. 4) [2007] FCA 963 (28 June 2007). Retrieved from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/cth/FCA/2007/963.html?stem=0synonyms=0query=Citigroup Australian Government. (2017). Corporations Act 2001. Retrieved from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00605 Euromoney. (2007). A big win for the banks: The impact of ASIC v Citigroup. Retrieved from: https://www.euromoney.com/Article/1407811/A-big-win-for-the-banks-The-impact-of-ASIC-v-Citigroup.html Federal Register of Legislation. (2017). Corporations Act 2001. Retrieved from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00605 Hanrahan, P.F. (2008). ASIC v Citigroup: Investment banks, conflicts of interest, and Chinese walls. Retrieved from: https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/1709837/67-Hanrahan_-_ASIC_v_Citigroup1.pdf ICNL. (2017). Corporations Act 2001. Retrieved from: https://www.icnl.org/research/library/files/Australia/Corps2001Vol4WD02.pdf Jacobson, D. (2007). ASIC v Citigroup Decision: No Conflict And No Insider Trading. Retrieved from: http https://www.brightlaw.com.au/asic-v-citigroup-decision-no-conflict-and-no-insider-trading/ Jade. (2007). Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Citigroup Global Markets Australia Pty Limited (ACN 113 114832) (No. 4). Retrieved from: https://jade.io/article/11171 Latimer, P. (2012). Australian Business Law 2012 (31st ed.). Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. McCabe, B. (2007). ASIC v Citigroup and fiduciary obligations. Retrieved from: https://epublications.bond.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007context=cgej O'Brien, J. (2007). Private Equity, Corporate Governance and the Dynamics of Capital Market Regulation. London: Imperial College Press. Seeto, G. (2008). ASIC v Citigroup - The compliance implications. Retrieved from: https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2008/january/asic-v-citigroup-the-compliance-implications Stringer, R., Harkness, J. (2007). Citigroup what does it tell us that we didnt already know?. Retrieved from: https://www.governanceinstitute.com.au/media/409666/citigroup_conflict_management_august2007.pdf The Sydney Morning Herald. (2007). Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Citigroup Global Markets Australia Pty Limited (ACN 113 114 832) (No. 4) [2007] FCA 963. Retrieved from: https://www.smh.com.au/pdf/ASICvCitigroup.pdf WIPO. (2015). Corporations Act 2001. Retrieved from: https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=370817

Promotion Gloria Jeans Coffees

Introduction In every organisation, there are some key management decisions about marketing, which play a pivotal role in determining the performance of an organisation. Managers have the ability to control these variables in their attempt to maximize the satisfaction level of their customers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Promotion: Gloria Jean’s Coffees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These include the product, price, distribution and management. These variables are referred to as management mix. When combined in the right manner, these management mix variables contribute in improving the performance of an organisation. To Gloria Jean’s coffees, promotion as a marketing strategy has significantly contributed to the company’s success. Gloria Jean’s coffees started as a family coffee shop near Chicago, United States, almost thirty years ago. Currently, Gloria Jean’s coffee ha s been ranked as the second largest coffee retailer in the world (Becatti, 2007). Furthermore, the organisation has opened eight hundred stores all over the world. Gloria Jean’s coffee is the market leader in several countries. For instance, the company has dominated the market in Australia. The company has been attracting cooperation of other companies due to its well developed reputation. For instance, the company joined hands with hospitality major Citymax India to launch a chain of coffee house across India in early 2008 (Rao, 2009). Up to date, the company has been expanding. One strategy that has contributed to this rapid expansion is promotion. Recently, the company has opened a shop in South Africa. According to Becatti (2007), the company has recorded a rate of growth of between 35 and 45 percent since its establishment in February 2007. In order to protect its market, the company should effectively apply promotion as a marketing policy mix. This will enable the comp any to maintain high level of sales.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As already noted, promotion is one of the main marketing mix variables used in maximizing the level of customer satisfaction. The promotion process involves selling the company’s product to the potential consumers. Promotion tools used by Gloria Jean’s Coffees As already noted, Gloria Jean’s Coffees is one of the most successful coffee franchises in the world. The company has recorded a high rate of expansion and growth which has been the main factors which have contributed to its growth. The company’s success can be attributed to its well structured promotion strategy that is part of its marketing mix. The company uses several methods of promotion. These include advertising, public relations, personal selling, media, and messages. Gloria Jean’s Coffees supplies each of it s market with adequate marketing tools, a factor which has significantly contributed to its success (Gloria Jean’s Coffees, 2011). The company has applied intensively best practices in promotions as well as images in its effort to deliver in the markets its core values which involves adaptation to the local tastes Advertising In advertising, Gloria Jean’s Coffees Company uses several types of media to pass information to the potential customers. In most cases, the company benefits from this method when it opens a new shop in a certain region. The company applies variety of media including print, broadcast and display media. Television is one of the frequently used media by the company. One of the main advantages of using television is because it helps the company to reach a greater number of its target audience. Therefore, this media lowers the promotion cost per head. Through this method of advertisement, the company has managed to build its brand in the new market. T his method has yielded good returns through increased sales revenue. Another method of advertisement which has been applied by the Gloria Jean’s Coffees Company is the display media. This method has also significantly contributed in increasing sales of the organisation. Through the display media, the company uses attractive pictures which easily draw the attention of the targeted audience in the market. Consequently, the company manages to pass information more easily to the group. One major advantage of this medium of advertisement is that it is more cost effective. It does not require large sums of money like in the case of television.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Promotion: Gloria Jean’s Coffees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Advertisement as a method of promotion is associated with a number of advantages. To start with, advertisement is effective in reaching a wide range of audience (Treha n, M and Trehan, R., 2009).This is more so when advertising is conducted through a media which reaches a large number of people. The method will reach greater number of people compared to other methods like the sales promotion. Another advantage of this method is that it is most effective in creating awareness. When the audience views a certain advert on television regularly, this increases their awareness of the product in the market. This builds their curiosity to try the new product. This significantly helps in increasing sales. Again, advertising helps in building customer trust through repetition of the main brand and product. Despite these achievements of advertising as a method of promotion, it suffers some limitations. To start with, it is impersonal and, therefore, it becomes impossible to answer the customer’s questions (Lamb, 2009). However, when a product is introduced in a new market, customers usually have some questions about the product. By using this method i n promotion, Gloria Jean’s Coffees is limited in interacting with the customers effectively. For instance, the company sometimes needs to learn about the customers’ tastes and preferences. In this method of promotion, it becomes difficult to pick views from the potential customers. This may limit the success of promotion to some extent. When used on its own, this method is not effective in making the customer to make their final decisions in purchasing the product. In other words, this method is not solely reliable in convincing the customers to purchase the product. Sales promotion Sales promotion is another method which the company has employed in promotion. Sales promotion has also significantly helped the organisation to boost sales volume. In addition, sales promotion has been of great importance in creating consumer awareness. Through promotion, the company has managed to make their potential customers aware of the product in the market. This method has been of g reat importance when the company is venturing into new markets. As already noted, the company has been growing at a very high rate. For instance, it has opened a new shop at Johannesburg. In such a region, most of the people may not be aware of the company’s product.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, it becomes very difficult to sell the product in such market. However, the company has managed to bring awareness to the potential customers through sales promotion. This attracts customers hence increasing the level of sales. One advantage of using sales promotion is that it can stimulate quick increases in sales by targeting promotional incentives on particular products. These can significantly help in improving the performance of the organisation in the short run. This method has helped Gloria Jean’s Coffees in increasing the sales in their market networks. However, this method of promotion suffers from the fact that excessive promotion can be dangerous. For instance, customers may get used to the effect in the long-run. Again, promotion can also be harmful on the fact that it may damage the image of the brand (Trehan, M and Trehan, R., 2009). Personal selling This is a process where the sellers engage in oral communication with the potential buyers with an a im of making a sale. This method has significantly helped Gloria Jean’s Coffees increasing the level of sales. Through this method, the company manages to convince potential customers to consume its products. This helps in winning consumers from the competitors in the coffee market. One advantage of this method is that it is interactive and, therefore, possible to get the feedback from the customers on their views on the product. This helps the company in analyzing the tastes of consumers in a certain region. Through this method, the company manages to pass important details about its product to its customers. This method, however, suffers from the limitation that it is not possible to reach a very large number of people. Therefore, it proves impotent in some cases whereto the market is too big. This method is also costly as it requires the organisation to hire more sales force which comes along with hidden costs. This has negatively affected the productivity of the organisat ion. Public relations According to Pezzullo (1998), public relations play an important role in helping an organisation and its public in adapting mutually to each other. Gloria Jean’s Coffees Company has used public relations in increasing its sales. The company uses this method by creating a good image in the eyes of the public through media hence encouraging positive commentary from them. This significantly contributes in promoting the company products in a certain market. One advantage of this method is that is possible to reach a large number of customers (Tutor2, 2011). This reduces the average costs of marketing the product. The message sent through public relations seems more credible as they are viewed as coming from different parties (Tutor2, 2011). This improves on the effectiveness in enticing consumers to buy the product. Public relations tools like magazines and newspapers have been of great importance to Gloria Jean’s Coffees Company while venturing in ma rkets all over the world where the company is not widely known. In such areas, the company uses the local media in building its credibility. This method suffers from the fact that the company may lose control. For instance, Gloria Jean’s Coffees Company cannot convince all the people what to say or write about them. Importance of promotion as a policy mix In every organisation, promotion is a very important practice in determining the success of an organisation. This is because the level of sales which a company makes is determined by the effectiveness of its promotional process. Therefore, it is necessary for organizations to invest in promotional activities. In the current business world, many consumers have developed a culture of looking for the promotions before purchasing (Anonymous, 1999). Therefore, it is important to conduct promotion in order to attract such kinds of consumers in an organisation. Another importance of promotion to the organisation is provision an ext ra incentive to purchase. For instance, by providing promotions to the consumers, it gives them a chance to realize the quality of the product. This can significantly help in attracting potential customers to start consuming the product. Another importance of promotion to Gloria Jean’s Coffees Company is that the process has led to an increase in impulse buying. When the company engages in promotional activities, some customers are enticed to buy even without the plans to do so. In the process, the organisation manages to increase the level of its sales significantly. The promotional practices also create excitement among the employees. This further provides an incentive to buy more of the company’s products. Promotion as one of the marketing mix plays a very important role every organisation. In the current business world, the market has become very competitive than any other time. Consumer expectations have also significantly changed. This situation has increased the need to have a clear promotion strategy. To Gloria Jeans Coffee’s, promotion has contributed to the success of the organisation in various ways. For instance, the company’s growth is expected to be about 20 per cent as a result of the extended promotional strategy. Through promotional activities, the company has reduced any confusion to the consumer in the oversaturated market where the communities are very common to each other. According to Gersowky, the word of mouth has significantly promoted the company’s products through the promotion activities. This has contributed in building the brand which promotes the level of sales. In its effort to venture into new markets, the company is forced to launch its new products. In this process, the company has to create awareness of the different product offerings so that the customer can be informed about the products while purchasing. Some limitations of promotion to the organisation Despite these achievements related to the promotional activities at Gloria Jean’s Coffees, the company has faced several limitations from these activities. One of the main reverse effects of promotion activities is that some consumers may just sit back and wait for the incentives. In such cases, the organisation fails to realize the desired aims of promotional activities. This implies that the company does not compensate for the funds spent in providing incentives to such consumers. In executing promotion as a marketing mix, the company incurs some costs. This has significantly reduced the profit margins of the company. Again, customers may tend to stock up during the promotion process which reduces the level of sales significantly. In this case, the promotional activities bring about reverse effects. When this happens, the promotional exercise fails as it will lead to losses. Conclusion In conclusion, this discussion has clearly shown that promotion has played a pivotal role at Gloria Jean’s Coffees C ompany. Promotion is significant as it has helped the organisation in selling its products to its potential customers. Without promotion, very few people will be aware of a particular product which is provided by an organisation in the market. In other words, promotion has helped the company in informing its potential customers on the presence of its product in the market. As we have already seen, Gloria Jean’s Coffees company has managed to spread its stores across the world through its ability to spread its promotional activities, a factor which has led to high level of sales. Promotion practices have also helped the organisation in enticing the customers to purchase its products. This is more so in the current market world which is characterized by a very high level of competition. The major concern of any business is to maximize its profits. The main way through which a business can increase its profits is by maximizing its level of sales. If an organisation cannot manage to sell what it produces, then it cannot be able to make maximum sales. As already seen, the best way through which an organisation can do this is through promotion. Therefore, promotion as a marketing mix tool has significantly contributed in improving the profitability of Gloria Jean’s Coffees. Reference List Anonymous. 1999. The Marketing Mix (The 4 P’s of Marketing). Web. Becatti, F. 2007. Marketing Mix: Strategic Marketing Insight. Vol 25 Issue No. 7/8 I 2007 I R25. Web. Gloria Jean’s Coffees. 2011. Immersed Marketing. Web. Lamb, C. 2009. Marketing. Canada, Cengage Learning. Pezzullo, M. 1998. Marketing financial services. U.S.A.: Kogan Page Publishers. Rao, R. 2010. Coffee – Other brands. Web. Trehan, M. and Trehan, R. 2009. Advertising and Sales Management. New Delhi: FK Publications. Tuto2. 2011. Promotion – introduction to the promotional mix. Web. This essay on Promotion: Gloria Jean’s Coffees was written and submitted by user Jason Day to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

William and Mary Propaganda essays

William and Mary Propaganda essays Throughout history there have been many revolutions where monarchs were removed from their thrones or countries have rebelled against the authority of the monarchs. Possibly the three most famous of these were the American Revolution, the French Revolution and the Bolshevik Revolution. When one thinks of these "fights for freedom", one imagines armies engaging in battles, soldiers brandishing swords or firing cannons. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 was not such a revolution. A King indeed was removed from the throne, in what is termed "The Bloodless Revolution", but without great bloodshed. No great armies met on battlefields, but battles were fought. They were fought with words, letters and documents of propaganda. By todays standards the amount of propaganda used might be considered a media blitz. Like todays political propaganda, words were twisted, facts were given a spin and half truths became truths to further advance the cause of William. This propaganda created an atmosphere in England that allowed William and Mary to come to England and be crowned without massive strife or bloodshed. Prince William of Orange and those who supported him both in England and Holland waged an intense war of propaganda against James II of England. This propaganda was used to present William in a favorable light while portraying James II with the most unfavorable image. Commemorative medals, broadsides, prints, cartoons, printed tracts, and sermons were used portray William as the conquering Protestant hero who came to save England from the evil Catholic monarch. This paper will examine the types of propaganda used, how it was used to shape the public's opinion toward William's assumption of the throne. For many years during the reign of Charles II the majority of the Protestant population as well as parliament had harbored fears that the king had ambitions of making England a Catholic country. Rumo...

Elements Named for Places - Element Toponyms

Elements Named for Places - Element Toponyms This is an alphabetical list of element toponyms or elements named for places or regions. Ytterby in Sweden has given its name to four elements: Erbium, Terbium, Ytterbium, and Yttrium. Americium – America, the AmericasBerkelium – University of California at BerkeleyCalifornium – State of California and University of California at BerkeleyCopper - probably named for CyprusDarmstadtium – Darmstadt, GermanyDubnium – Dubna, RussiaErbium – Ytterby, a town in SwedenEuropium – EuropeFrancium – FranceGallium – Gallia, Latin for France. Also named for Lecoq de Boisbaudran, the elements discoverer (Lecoq in Latin is gallus)Germanium – GermanyHafnium – Hafnia, Latin for CopenhagenHassium – Hesse, GermanyHolmium – Holmia, Latin for StockholmLutetium – Lutecia, an ancient name for ParisMagnesium – Magnesia prefecture in Thessaly, GreecePolonium – PolandRhenium – Rhenus, Latin for the Rhine, a German provinceRuthenium – Ruthenia, Latin for RussiaScandium – Scandia, Latin for ScandinaviaStrontium – Strontian, a town in ScotlandTerbium  œ Ytterby, SwedenThulium – Thule, a mythical island in the far north (perhaps in Scandinavia)Ytterbium – Ytterby, SwedenYttrium – Ytterby, Sweden

Sea level rise in the Mediterranean Sea and Mallorca Island Essay

Sea level rise in the Mediterranean Sea and Mallorca Island - Essay Example The answers to these questions can be given in a twofold criteria and include the change in the estuarine geodatum caused as a result of the flow of melt water from the glaciated lands across the globe into the sea. Consequently, thermal expansion of the upper layers of the sea water caused by the decrease in water density due to its warming leading to the rise in the sea levels (Szabados, 2002). The occurrences of these situations within the earth’s geographical landscape usually lead to varied rise in the sea levels in some areas and a fall in certain areas. Another cause for the changes in the level of the seawater is the rising or uplifting of the lands close to the sea. This often causes the decline in sea levels in some regions though to a limited extent. Sea level rise is of recent times has resulted in very great concern to the global community as environmental conservation issues is a global phenomenon and is of global concern. According to the statistics taken by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) using the satellite images, the global sea levels have been rising tenderly at an average rate of about 3mm per year from 1993 to 2007 (IPCC, 2007). This report highlights the various effects of the continued rise in sea level within the global context. This report will also look at the changes in the sea level in the Mallorca and the Mediterranean regions of the world, their causes and consequences on the adjacent lands as well as the extent of the influences on the coastal communities around the mentioned areas. Mallorca is a small island in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Spain that has been characterized by a number of notable cases of sea level change. Studies by Jeffrey Dorale shows that the sea level was about one meter above the levels that reached 81000 years ago indicating a positive deviation in the in the level of the sea waters. The rise in the levels as he argues is brought about by the rapid melting of ice aroun d the globe. The ice water consequently finds its way into the sea thereby raising the water levels by about one meter for every fifty years (Jieffrey, 2010). The observable results of this rise in the levels of the Mediterranean Sea are seen as a spillover effect in the communities surrounding the sea. Most of the communities that were once living closer to the sea have retreated by about sixty miles away from the coastline as much of the land has been submerged under the seawaters. Moreover, Barnetti (2005) argues that the formally dry lands adjacent to the Mediterranean regions have now been covered under water thereby continuously diminishing the amount of cultivatable lands in these regions and the consequent migration of people out of these areas (Barnetti, 2005). Geography has evolved as a more organized subject of study that uses different methodological approaches in understanding various observed geographical phenomena. On one hand, physical geography adopts a scientific a nd rational approach while on the other hand human geography relies heavily on descriptive techniques in examining the relationship between complex human factors and their influence on geographical environment. The scientific approach has been adopted widely in the study of physical geography based on observation, precise scientific experience and sound precision and measurements of the geographical phenomena. As such, the Mediterranean region has been experiencing constant shifts in its climatic characteristics contributed mostly by the wide variation in the

Life before new technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life before new technology - Essay Example In addition, the calls were not of the best quality meaning that by using landlines, phone calls had a higher chance of being dropped as compared to today’s cell phones. This is because; the switching process between calls was a manual process, before the automation of the system. In addition, there was a higher likelihood of landline telephony infrastructure getting vandalized, making calling a nightmare. This is as opposed to today’s telephony services, where calls are reliable and can be made without worries of dropping or getting disconnected. In addition, the calling rates were sky high considering the number of telephone service providers. Call providers were few and limited to certain geographic regions meaning that one only had limited choice in getting provider and, as a result, was at their mercy. With the emergence of the cell phone, calls are cheaper as compared to before their presence, with more service providers, and thus more choice due to competition br inging calling right to a cheap bargain (Goyal, 2002). This is, in addition to text messaging that, eases communication substantially without calling or consuming much time. Before the mobile phone people had to be confined in a given area to make, or even, receive a call. This made it highly inconvenient for both or all parties involved as one could not make or receive calls at their own time and at any place they wished, which made it very difficult to communicate because communication was opportunistic gamble that one had to make. With the cell phone, calls can be made at any place, and one’s own convenient time. In addition, another issue was the intertwinement of business and personal issues, as calls at work were strictly business and could not involve personal issues as it led to unprofessional conduct. Due to lack of cell phones and the presence of landlines created professional images in accompanies and businesses. However, the presence of cell phones has come to bri dge the boundary between personal life and the work place. This is because; they create opportunities for integrating work and personal issues, as one has the same number for the two aspects (Wajcman et al, 2007). Communication, other than the use of landline phones to make calls, required one to write letters, telegrams, and telegraphs or even fax the information to other individuals. With this in mind, communication was a slow process taking up to weeks to reach the intended individual. This was especially so between friends who intended to keep in touch and relate with each other easily. The process of communication was tedious and inefficient considering that the letters did not always get to the intended individual at all, or in time. Social media, on the other hand, has eased communication by linking different people from a variety of divides and bringing them together (Mueller, 2011). In respect to this, information flows easily between interested parties and cuts on the requ ired to create and receive a response. Still, on flow of information, networking was a difficult thing to do as there was no single place to be in order to meet people with similar interests and goals, unless an individual met them by coincidence or created a local group of people who can easily meet if need be. However, social media has made that outdated by bringing numerous people and groups together. This is in order to share ideas and thoughts on different topics with increased ease. This is especially

Depression and African-American Men Essay Example for Free

Depression and African-American Men Essay First of all it is important to understand what really constitutes depression. All of us feel down from time to time perhaps based on having a bad day. However when feelings of sadness last for several weeks, months, or years, and are accompanied by other symptoms such as change of appetite, isolation from family and friends, sleeplessness, etc. these are symptoms of depression. In 1999 Dr. David Satcher, Surgeon General of the United States, and an African-American, released a Report on Mental Health that was a landmark moment for America. This was the first comprehensive report on the state of the nations mental health issued by Americas physician-in-chief. It is both an inventory of the resources available to promote mental health and treat mental illness, and a call to action to improve these resources. It paints a portrait of mental illness, filling the canvas with the faces of America, revealing that the effects of mental illness cut across all the nations dividing lines, whether gender, education, economic status, education, or race. However, the 2001 supplement to the original 1999 report indicates that it probably affects African American men more adversely than it does the general population.Mental Health: Culture, Race and Ethnicity, which is the title of the supplement by Dr. Satcher, says that racial and ethnic minorities collectively experience a greater disability burden from mental illness than do whites. The supplemental report goes even deeper in that it highlights the disparity that exists for black men in mental health as it does in relation to most health problems. For example, African-American men are more likely to live with chronic health problems, and studies show that living with chronic illnesses increases the risk of suffering from depression. In a 2002 report, The Burden of Chronic Diseases and Their Risk Factors, the Federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention points out that African American Men have the highest rates of prostate cancer and hypertension in the world. The report also says that black men are twice as likely as white men to develop diabetes, and suffer higher rates of heart disease and obesity. The American Cancer Societys report entitled Cancer Facts and Figures, and written in 2003 found that black men are more than twice as likely as white men to die from prostate cancer. We are also more likely than others to wait until an illness reaches a ser ious stage before we seek treatment. Often times treatment is not sought until we are in emergency rooms, homeless shelters, or prisons. According to a report by the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation in 2003, men in general are three times less likely than women to visit a doctor, and African-American men specifically are less likely than white men to go to a doctor prior to them being in poor health. This is the case for physical ailments. When one factors in the stigma attached to mental illness, and other barriers that keep us from getting help, it is easy to see why black men are even less likely to seek treatment for depression. Yet, the nation, including the African-American community is often silent on this issue. The silence on the subject among blacks is due, in part, to our lack of vocabulary to talk about depression. We call depression the blues in the black community. We have been taught, at least in the past, and, to a certain extent even now, to shrug off this mental state. For many of us, it is not just a fact of life; it is a way of life. When bluesmen used to sing, Every day I have the blues or It aint nothing but the blues or similar words from hundreds of songs, they do more than mouth lyrics. They voice a cultural attitude. They state an accepted truth at the heart of their music: Having the blues goes along with being black in America. In addition, from the time we are young boys, black males have ingrained into us an idea of manhood that requires a silence about feelings, a withholding of emotion, and ability to bear burdens alone, and a refusal to appear weak. The internal pressure to adhere to this concept of masculinity only increases as we sometimes experience various forms of racism in a society that historically has sought to deny us our manhood. The internal wall that often keeps black men away from psychotherapy goes along with external barriers built just as high, if not higher. Mental health practitioners are overwhelmingly white, with the proportion of black psychiatrists, psychologists, and psychoanalysts estimated at less than three percent of the nations total. This would mean that even if black men were to break through the self-imposed barriers and seek professional help for mental issues, it may be difficult to find someone with whom they can build a rapport, and whom they feel can relate to them, and they can trust. This feeling of comfort is what allows a patient to reveal his most intimate secrets. As Dr. Richard Mouzon, a prominent black clinical psychologist puts it, Many of us grow up feeling that it is dangerous to give up too much of yourself to the white man. Theres no denying that access to mental health care is restricted for Americans in general. In private health insurance policies and government medical assistance programs, psychotherapy is too often considered a luxury rather than a necessity. It has been said often times that the only people with a guaranteed right to health care are the inmates of our jails and prisons. That is even more true of mental health care.Unfortunately, this is a right that is of marginal value; while many black men receive their first treatment for mental illness behind bars, that treatment is likely to be directed at keeping them under control rather than alleviating the effects of their illness. Our health care system assures preventative measures and early intervention for mental health problems only to the privileged, just as it does for physical health problems. The disparity is so great in minority communities that for many, mental illness receives attention only when it reaches a florid stage, in public hospitals emergency rooms and psychiatric wards, or worse, in its aftermath, when people with mental illness may end up behind bars and in morgues. According to a new study reported on by the Health Behavior News Service, jobless African-American men appear to be at a greater risk of suffering from depression. While the issue of unemployment offers at least one possible explanation for why the symptoms of depression might be experienced, more puzzling is the fact that African-American men who were making more than $80,000 per year were still at a higher risk for depression. In order to come to their conclusions, Dr. Darrell Hudson, Ph.D., and his fellow researchers carefully screened the data provided by the National Survey of American Life. During their analysis, they took into account how much various factors such as social class, income, education, wealth, employment, and parental education level related to depressive symptoms. After measuring depression in a very comprehensive way, the results were not very consistent. We need to figure out as a general public: Is there a cost associated with socioeconomic position or moving in an upward trajectory? said Dr. Hudson. For the purpose of the research 3,570 African-American men and women who experienced depressive episodes within the past year of their lives were studied. Men who made over $80,000 per year reported more symptoms of depression than those making less than $17,000 per year. However, unemployed black men were more likely to report depression during that year compared to employed men. Men who completed some college or beyond were less likely to experience depressive symptoms than those who did not complete high school. Women, on the other hand, did not appear to suffer the same rates of depression. Females who earned between $45,000 and $79,000 were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those with the least income. The study appeared in the journal Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. According to Dr. Hudson: One thing could be going on with African-American men with greater incomes. The more likely they are to work in integrated settings, the more likely they are to be exposed to racial discrimination. Racial discrimination can undermine some of the positive effects of socioeconomic position like the increased benefits of more income. Some black men who suffer from depression may think suicide is the answer. It is not. Men that become suicidal dont realize that they are repeating the cycle, burdening their children with the same loneliness the father had endured. Their kids would grow up with the knowledge that their father had taken his life. Depression can be very paralyzing to African-Americans. This vile illness affects men from all walks of life, from the black executive to the young street hustler. In many documented cases, several socially advanced black men have suffered from depression for many years and refused to receive treatment. This is a very disturbing undercurrent. If educated, accomplished, and highly informed black men refuse to seek treatment for depression, just imagine how difficult it is for uneducated or poor black men to seek help. Some experts believe that depression is likely a key factor in a 233 percent increase in suicide in black males ages 10-14 from 1980 to 1995. According to Dr. Satcher: Black men feel that they have to be twice as good as other people, that you cant be weak because people will take advantage of you. Those pressures work powerfully against a black male seeking treatment for depression and other mental illnesses. About one in four African-Americans is uninsured, compared with about 16 percent of the U.S. population overall. African-Americans are less likely to receive antidepressants, and when they do, they are more likely than whites to stop taking them. Particularly troubling to those who study and treat mental illness in black men is their disproportionately higher rates of incarceration than other racial groups. Nearly half of the U.S. prison population is black, and about 40 percent of those in the juvenile justice system is black. It is a very difficult and very serious situation for these young men and for society. Psychiatrists who work with the homeless as well as with black youth say they see dozens of black males each year head to jail or juvenile justice when they should be in treatment centers.They blame,in some form or another, depression, or other related mental illnesses. It happens all the time and its very alarming, said Dr. Raymond J. Kotwicki, Medical Director of Community Outreach Programs, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, at Emory University School of Medicine, in a recent statement. While all mental illnesses often come wrapped in some sort of stigma or negative connotation, mental illnesses in black men are even more entangled. Historical racism and current cultural biases and expectations all play a part, mental health advocates say. Nearly two-thirds of African-Americans believe that mental illness is a shortcoming that can be overcome through prayer and faith, according to a study by the National Alliance for the mentally ill. Certainly prayer and faith may be helpful to someone suffering from mental illness, but is not a replacement for treatment by a professional. The neglect of emotional disorders among men in the black community is nothing less than racial suicide.Many experts argue that the problem of depression in black America can be traced back to the time of slavery, when it was believed that blacks were unable to feel inner pain because they had no psyche. This myth has damaged generations of African-American men and their families, creating a society that sometimes has defined black men as being violent and aggressive, without considering that depression (or other related mental illnesses) might be one root cause. The consequences of untreated mental illness can be dire. And the tragedy of the worst outcomes can be no greater than when the disorder is depression, one of the most common and treatable mental illnesses. The disease is painful, and potentially fatal, but eighty percent of those who get treatment get better. Yet, quite sadly, only twenty-five percent of those who need help get it. African-American men are especially prone to put ourselves in mortal danger because we readily embrace the belief that we can survive depression by riding out the illness and allowing it to run its course. The internal walls we build to keep out the world, along with the walls that society sometimes builds to isolate us, cut us off from the help we need. So we suffer, and we suffer needlessly. Please do not be ashamed of seeking help if you feel that you are suffering from depression, or any mental illness. There are very likely resources right in your own city or town such as a county Mental Health Center, even if you are uninsured. Those who are insured may choose a private hospital or psychiatrist, but dont hesitate to get help. One resource that is available would be to call 1-877-331-9311, or 1-877-568-6230 to talk to a specialist at any time. This could change your life immensely, and could indeed save your life.

Hamlet: Masks We Wear Essays -- essays research papers

Masks A mask is a covering worn on the face or something that disguises or conceals oneself. All the characters in Shakespeare's Hamlet hide behind masks to cover up who they really are, which contridictes a main idea, expressed by the fool, Old Polonius, "To thine ownself be true" (Polonius - 1.3.84). All the characters share strengths and triumphs, flaws and downfalls. Instead of revealing their vulnerabilities, each of them wears a mask that conceals who they are and there true convictions. The masks brought about feelings such as fear, hatred, insanity, indecisiveness, ambitiousness, and vengeance all of which contribute to the tragic ending of the play. Shakespeare reveals the idea of the masks in the first lines of the play, "Who's there" (Barnardo - 1.1.1). "Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself" (Fransisco - 1.1.2). These masks are upon each character, placed there by either society, self-ignorance, or guilt. Ophelia, Polonius' daughter and Hamlet's lover, hid behind a mask, just like Queen Gertrude's. It was, according to the society and the culture of the time, in the best interest of the woman to display a passive behavior for their personal preservation, which served as Gertrude's mask. Gertrude was brought up to believe that when a woman protests her innocence, in any matter, too much then people will begin to think otherwise. Gertrude revealed the idea of her mask, when responding to Hamlet inquiry of her likes to the play, her response was a bold reply, "The lady doth protest too much methinks" (Gertrude - 3.2.254), while viewing "The Murder of Ganzago." Hamlet's disgust with his mother's lack of strength, in regards to Claudius' sexual temptations, was evident in his soliloquy, after Gertrude begged him to stay with her and Claudius in Elsinore. "And yet, wi th a month let me not think on 't; fratility, thy name is woman." (Hamlet - 1.2.149-50) Gertrude's submissiveness is also evident in her refusal to face the pain of the true nature of her husband's murder. Gertrude begs "O Hamlet, speak no more! / Thou turn'st my eyes into my very soul, / And there I see such black and grained spots / As will not leave their tinct" (Gertrude - 3.4.99-103). In relation to Gertrude, Ophelia is even weaker and more passive. ... ...e murder of his father, Hamlet Sr. After Hamlet killed Polonius, and stored his body, when first asked of him the location of Polonius' body, and Hamlet replied with a riddle; "The body is with the King, but the King is not / with the body. The King is a thing-" (Hamlet - 4.2.27-28). This riddle strange in itself was evidence to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern of Hamlet's insanity. Once the King banished him to his death in England, Hamlet replied with "Farewell, dear mother." (Hamlet - 4.4.58). Shocking to the King, being his father and or uncle, and Hamlet forgave an explanation to the King of why he called him his mother; "My mother. Father and mother is man and wife, / Man and wife is one flesh, and so, my mother" (Hamlet - 4.4.60-61). Hamlet's mask of insanity had fooled the King, the Queen, Ophelia, Polonius, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Though he had fooled these people he always kept a full grasp of reality and his true convictions. "To thine own self be true," (Polonius - 1.3.84) the words of a fool followed only by the tragic hero, Hamlet. The masks of the characters were what lead each to their tragedy.

Life and Sorrow Essay

She folded her hands upon her bosom, this four-year old child of mine and as her breathing became more labored, prayed as I led her: â€Å"Jesus. You love little children: help me!† that was at midnight on November 28, 1932. A few minutes later, she had joined the angels and left us in anguish that numbered all feelings. But t have since risen from the depths to which Sonia’s death crushed me, and phoenix- like have left my dead ashes, to sing the charms that the death of one so dearly loved can bring to the soul. I have known the darkness of occasional brooding, but I would dwell most upon a struggle with sorrow that has sweetened my nature, which otherwise, would have been stultified by the pain. Pain, I have realized, is beautiful only when one can rise from its depressing power. I have known the people who have become bitter and cynical under the lash of sorrow, and I have known some who have never recovered from anguish. My experience is important only so far as it may help others towards growth: it is worthless to me if it implies vanity. Sonia is, to me, as fairy tale told or a lyric half lost in fancy, a delicate melody unsung. Had she grown into full womanhood, she might have become an intellectual, for she was deliberate and clear- cut in her language, precise in her reasoning, and keen in sensing nuances which matured minds about her could not appreciate; then, I should have been forever lost, the glamour of its poetry never felt even in vague suggestions, and the delicate melodies never perceived. As a friend suggested to me when grief was most oppressive: â€Å"you shall always remember her as a child. â€Å"How beautiful I felt it was! What a beautiful things a man perceives in such sorrow! What keen and living poetry! For nothing but poetry could give such feeling. In such a moment reason would have destroyed me with consummate triumph; for if I had tried to explain why God had snatched away from me the things I loved best in life, I would have allowed reason to rob me of reason. But poetry in all her magnificence came sailing behind the somber shape of sorrow to show me the way to a more beautiful, more full and more nearly perfect life. Sonia shall always live in my memory as a child who wonders why the star shine in the sky and the rain drops from heaven and the grass on the wayside: as a child who find all things pure and true in her innocent eyes. I shall look in those eyes and see so much confidence and faith when I feel that I am losing my own faith and confidence I shall draw from my memory of her a child’s enthusiasm for life, when my heart is heavy and my eyes dim with age. This is my ideal, to see the whole life with a mind mellowed by age, though a heart forever young – wise and happy! Days before she died, I had a premonition to her death; but I dismiss it, consoling myself with the thought that if such a thing should come to pass -heaven forbid – I should perhaps be rewarded for becoming a true, sincere and humble artist through the suffering that would come from such a shocking experience. For the first time in my life, the idea of becoming an artist suddenly lost in its chance. I would rather remain obscure than lost its greatest masterpiece, wrought in my own blood, and polish by the greatest love that I was capable of giving. Like the reeds in the river, I would rather keep my leaves and flowers that be cut up by the great Pan into the flute. The melody of the wind was enough for me as I bent rhythmically with its blowing. I would refuse the greater melody of art that exacts so much. But when her hour came the blade of death cleave my heart, I felt as if I, too, had died and a new soul had emerged, more beautiful, because cleanse of all bitterness. How true it is as poor Oscar Wilde wrote that, the â€Å"Pleasure is for the beautiful body, but pain for the beautiful soul.† But what costly knowledge this first. Experience has indeed taken away more than it has been able to give. It has suddenly occurred to me that the real artist is measured by his ability to utilize misfortune in recreating the soul. I say, â€Å"recreating† Because art is the recreation of life an experience, into that which sooths and ennobles the soul; if a man with any artistic pretensions allows sorrow to destroy him, he is a mere artisan, incapable of producing anything of worth; for, the first thing an artist must recreate, before true art can be realized, is his own soul. Moreover, sorrow must crush, ere it can reshape the man in s mold of glory. The reed must have cut to pieces, and holes bored through it, before it can have produced such magic melodies as their sound. The sun on hill forgot to die. And the lilies revived, and the dragonfly Came back to dream on the river. Before an artist can sweetly harrow the hearts of others, his own must have died. There is a story told of an ambitious singer who thought he would sing for the grand operas. He sang before a celebrated maestro who, in the middle of an aria from Rigoletto, thundered out, â€Å"Enough! Enough! This will never do. Your heart has been broken!† In De profounds, Oscar Wilde, made the following analysis of sorrow in its beginning upon art: Truth in the art is the unity of a thing with itself; the outward rendered expressive of the inward; the soul made incarnate; the body instinct with spirit. For this reason there is no truth comparable with sorrow. There are times when sorrow seems to me to be the only truth. Other things may be illusions of the eye or the appetite, made to blind the one and cloy (overdo) the other, but out of sorrow have the worlds been built, and the birth of a child or a star there is pain.† Indeed, was it not Zeus’ head split open an axe that Athena might spring full grown from it? Besides sorrow’s power of giving birth to art, there is another blessing, which must come, with all art and all of suffering? It is a way of thinking that solidifies and satisfies, becomes profound and permanent; a real philosophy of life and is therefore, a creation, an art itself, and not the mere adoption of some powerful, second-hand outlook that proves worthless when put to the test. Feeling that the lower forms of logic would be useless to me at the time of my deepest sorrow, 1 approached life by the highest route, through â€Å"the deepest voice of human experience† religion. Early the next morning after Sonia’s death, Gods hand rested upon my shoulders. On previous occasions, the more suggestion of her death would drive me into imagining a sudden flight to some distant land. I knew not where, for an obscure place where I might forget to die. But that morning, I felt strangely calm. Not the remote shades of thought about running away from my sorrowing family Goethe’s line: Who never ate his bread in sorrow? Who never spent the midnight hours-Weeping and waiting for the morrow He knows you not, ye heavenly Powers. Lived inky memory I had eaten my bread in sorrow I had passed the right weeping and watching for a More bitter dawn And felt the touch of the Spirit Upon my being I went to the scorch of St. Ignatius in Intramuros where, humbled by sorrow, I sought the Lords forgiveness of the confessional. I offered up my Sonia, and also my two other boys, and even my own life. If He desired to take back his own. The pagan protest that was surging in my boson, I painfully quelled. It is different to give up the things we hold dear on earth. But when Sonia, whom I loved best, had been given up, to what could be resigned, I felt that grown generous to magnanimity. I had ceased to find difficulty in giving up my pride, and I was humbled; I had ceased to fear for my future, and I was no longer in vain _ I gave up all notions of fame, and became myself. But I was better, I was born to greater realization of truth, a fuller feeling of freshness -my new philosophy doubtless has given me a new sense of values. The things I had held dear, in common with other people. I discovered to be a glittering tinsel and hollowness. We find ourselves only after we have lost everything we hold dear in our temporal habitation; we find our soul only after we have divested ourselves of all the flummery of the flesh. For indeed, how can we find our souls when we are wrapped up in matter, so that we cannot give a step, or put our hand, or lift up our eyes, but material things are all about us, following us even to put up our dreams. People say something pleasant to us, and thought it be but â€Å"hot air†, it is enough to puff us up. We would feed our souls upon vanity, and know not it is Barmecides feast. Could we strip ourselves of pride and vanity, things would fall back into their proper places, and we should see the hidden harmony of creation, and piece through the things that alone are seen of the world to those that are unseen, setting no store be these fascinating shadows, ever before the time when they crumble away and vanish into naught, as worldly things must, sooner or later. The Worldly Hope men set their hearts upon Turn ashes – or it prospers; and anon Like snow upon the Desert’s dusky Face, Lightning a little hour or two – was gone. The climax in this grand ascend of sorrow is the perfection of Reality when in moments of devastating grief, my being seemed consumed. I tried to deceive myself by pretending that it was all a dream and would wake up to find Sonia’s death a mere fancy, the force illusion would always vanish and a newer, more vivid, more convincing, more permanent if painful realization would reveal to me that the whole of human experience this side of eternity is nothing but a dream which with death, finally comes to an awakening to the only reality intended by the Maker of Life. I am convinced that life in this temporary habitation is a vague and miserable dream, a nightmare in which the dreamer is driven from one path to another, now frightened by life, now terrified by the thought of death; until one realizes that there is this nightmare a symbol of Reality that is coming with the dawn and the awakening. This realization of the reality must make a real artist of a man. Broken with pain, the soul dies to be reborn, stronger and more beautiful; enriched and ennobled by sorrow, the artist in the man rises above himself; shorn of all fineries and pettiness – all none – essential, in a word, the artist flows naturally towards the infinite whither all artistic effort must be directed. Thither must I direct my art †¦ Art to me had ceased to be artful and artificial. It had become the natural life of the soul; it is the voice of my soul crying out to heaven for a vision of Sonia, pleading for a final communication with her. I shall remove everything about me. When the last word is written and my hands drop limp and lifeless by my side. I hope to hear the gentle pattern of a little feet and the tender touch of a little hands around my neck†¦SONIA.

Murders and Aggravated Assault

Aggravated assault and murder are some of the most heinous crimes that occur in our society today.   It is stated in the news that there are around 1-4 cases of murders and around 300 reported victims of aggravated assault in every 10,000 people per year. Moreover, the data still vary depending on the type of country’s progress. It follows that as the country is more developed, the crime rates are higher. Both the aggravated assault and murder involved more than one party of conflicting views which leads to infliction of harm over the other party. The crimes mentioned are considered to be the worst crimes in our society and the perpetuators are subjected to long time in prison depending on the place where the crime is committed. Different countries have different punishments for murder and aggravated assault. (Answer.com, 2006) Although the two crimes results to serious physical damage, they usually differ according to some factors. Aggravated assault takes place when an individual is provoked or pushed to do such act. Moreover, the situation or the defendant himself is the reason why the event took place. The use of a deadly weapon to attack an individual and causes a serious physical injury or even death to that individual is also a classification of aggravated assault not to mention it is also an element in murder. On the other hand, murder, also termed as killing, is associated with premeditation which means that there is an intension to harm or to kill in murder unlike in the aggravated assault. In this regard, the person who committed the crime planned and escaped from that act. Therefore, one can only be charged and accused by murder if s/he commits the elements actus reus and mens rea which are Latin for â€Å"guilty act† and â€Å"guilty mind†.   Therefore, murder differs with aggravated assault if there is the presence of malice or intension to harm the other individual.   (Investigation, 2004) References: Answer.com. (2006). murder.  Ã‚   Retrieved November 15, 2006, from http://www.answers.com/topic/murder Investigation, D. o. J. F. B. o. (2004). Aggravated assault. from http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius_04/offenses_reported/violent_crime/aggravated_assault.html   

Endangered Species essays

Endangered Species essays There are many different species of animals and plants that are endangered. Most endangerment is due to human environment interaction. Hunting is a major cause, as well as the loss of habitat. The tiger is an endangered species. The current population of the tiger is about 7,700 (wwf tigers). Their reason for declining is because of their loss of habitat. The tiger lives in tropical rainforest, evergreen forests, mangrove swamps, grasslands and rocky country. The tiger now only lives in pockets of its former range mainly due to the destruction of its habitat (wwf tigers). Another reason for their decline is because of deliberate poisoning by farmers as they are considered a threat to livestock. Poaching and hunting: often for trading of their skins and bones, blood and other body parts traditionally thought to have medicinal properties (wwf tigers). Another animal that is endangered is the African Elephant. The African Elephant lives in almost all climates including savannah, rain forests, swamps, deserts, seashores, and high mountains (wwf elephants). There are no recent estimates on the number of the population but in a study done in 1990 the estimated population was 610,000 (wwf elephants). The reason for their decline is because of the demand of ivory and because of The demand of ivory, and because of the growth in human population (wwf elephants). ...

The Nanking Massacre of 1937

The Nanking Massacre of 1937 In late December  1937 and early January  1938, the Imperial Japanese Army perpetrated one of the most horrific war crimes of the World War II era. In what is known as the Nanking Massacre or the Rape of Nanking, Japanese soldiers systematically raped thousands of Chinese women and girls of all ages - even infants. They also murdered hundreds of thousands of civilians and prisoners of war in what was then the Chinese capital city of Nanking (now called Nanjing).   These atrocities continue to color Sino-Japanese relations to this day. Indeed, some Japanese public officials have denied that the Nanking Massacre ever happened, or significantly downplay its scope and severity.  History textbooks in Japan mention the incident only in a single footnote, if at all. It is crucial, however, for the nations of East Asia to confront and move past the gruesome events of the mid-20th century  if they are going to face the challenges of the 21st century together. So what really happened to the people of Nanking in 1937-38? Japans Imperial Army invaded civil-war-torn China in July of 1937 from Manchuria  to the north.  It drove southward, quickly taking the Chinese capital city of Beijing. In response, the Chinese Nationalist Party moved the capital to the city of Nanking, about 1,000 km (621 miles) to the south. The Chinese Nationalist Army or Kuomintang (KMT) lost the key city of Shanghai to the advancing Japanese in November of 1937.  KMT leader Chiang Kai-shek realized that the new Chinese capital of Nanking, just 305 km (190 miles) up the Yangtze River from Shanghai, could not hold out much longer. Rather than wasting his soldiers in a futile attempt to hold Nanking, Chiang decided to withdraw most of them inland about 500 kilometers (310 miles) west to Wuhan, where the rugged interior mountains offered a more defensible position. KMT General Tang Shengzhi was left to defend the city, with an untrained force of 100,000 poorly-armed fighters.   The approaching Japanese forces were under the temporary command of Prince Yasuhiko Asaka, a right-wing militarist and the uncle by marriage of Emperor Hirohito.  He was standing in for the elderly General Iwane Matsui, who was ill. Early in December, division commanders informed Prince Asaka that the Japanese had encircled almost 300,000 Chinese troops around Nanking and inside the city. They told him that the Chinese were willing to negotiate a surrender; Prince Asaka responded with an order to kill all captives. Many scholars view this order as an invitation to the Japanese soldiers to go on a rampage in Nanking. On December 10, the Japanese mounted a five-pronged attack on Nanking.  By December 12, the besieged Chinese commander, General Tang, ordered a retreat from the city. Many of the untrained Chinese conscripts broke ranks and ran, and Japanese soldiers hunted them down and captured or slaughtered them. Being captured was no protection  because the Japanese government had declared that international laws on treatment of POWs did not apply to the Chinese. An estimated 60,000 Chinese fighters who surrendered were massacred by the Japanese. On December 18, for example, thousands of young Chinese men had their hands tied behind them, then were tied into long lines and marched to the Yangtze River. There, the Japanese opened fire on them en masse. The screams of the injured went on for hours, as the Japanese soldiers made their leisurely way down the lines to bayonet those who were still alive, and dump the bodies into the river. Chinese civilians also faced horrific deaths as the Japanese occupied the city.   Some were blown up with mines, mowed down in their hundreds with machine guns, or sprayed with gasoline and set on fire.  F. Tillman Durdin, a reporter for the New York Times who witnessed the massacre, reported: In taking over Nanking the Japanese indulged in slaughters, looting and rapine exceeding in barbarity any atrocities committed up to that time in the course of the Sino-Japanese hostilities... Helpless Chinese troops, disarmed for the most part and ready to surrender, were systematically rounded up and executed... Civilians of both sexes and all ages were also shot by the Japanese. Bodies piled up in streets and alleyways, too many for any accurate count. Perhaps equally horrifying, the Japanese soldiers made their way through entire neighborhoods systematically raping every female they found.  Infant girls had their genitals sliced open with swords to make it easier to rape them. Elderly women were gang-raped and then killed. Young women might be raped and then taken away to the soldiers camps for weeks of further abuse. Some sadistic soldiers forced celibate Buddhist monks and nuns to perform sex acts for their amusement, or forced family members into incestuous acts. At least 20,000 women were raped, according to most estimates. Between December 13, when Nanking fell to the Japanese, and the end of February  1938, the orgy of violence by the Japanese Imperial Army claimed the lives of an estimated 200,000 to 300,000 Chinese civilians and prisoners of war.  The Nanking Massacre stands as one of the worst atrocities of the bloody twentieth century. General Iwane Matsui, who had recovered from his illness somewhat by the time Nanking fell, issued several orders between December 20, 1937 and February of 1938 demanding that his soldiers and officers behave properly.  However, he was not able to bring them under control. On February 7, 1938, he stood with tears in his eyes and upbraided his subordinate officers for the massacre, which he believed had done irreparable damage to the Imperial Armys reputation. He and Prince Asaka were both recalled to Japan later in 1938; Matsui retired, while Prince Asaka remained a member of the Emperors War Council. In 1948, General Matsui was found guilty of war crimes by the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal  and was hanged at the age of 70.  Prince Asaka escaped punishment  because the American authorities decided to exempt members of the imperial family. Six other officers and former Japanese Foreign Minister Koki Hirota were also hanged for their roles in the Nanking Massacre, and eighteen more were convicted but got lighter sentences.

Towards industrial advanced front-junction n-type silicon solar cells Research Paper

Towards industrial advanced front-junction n-type silicon solar cells - Research Paper Example The justification of the project presented here is the need to develop better sources of energy (Yimao Wan et al. 1). The paper presents an analysis of the current trends in the field of engineering the solar cells. It takes a keen perspective on the development of the n-type front-junction monocyrstalline solar cells. It looks at the area variation and optimal output and the resistivity consideration that will yield potentially high output from the configuration. Moreover, production of solar cells undergoes a process better known as passivation. The cells are passivated using atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposited (APCVD) Al2O3 together with the Plasma enhanced chemical Vapor Deposited (PECVD) SiNx. The expectation level of a potential 21.6% efficiency of output from the developed cells is put into consideration (Yimao Wan et al. 1). The ultimate point of developing a solar cell is to achieve a conversion of solar energy into electric power. The paper determines ways into which a voltage level of up to 664nV will be achieved since that will be an excellent combination of output from a cell that needs commercialization. Efficiency is also a matter that is dependent on the effective area size, and the paper projects a 2 * 2cm2 to be an excellent fit for such an application. In respect to coming up with an optimal approach to electric production from solar cells, the right combination are analyzed in an experiment and a discussion is presented in the paper. The resistivity variations used in the experimentation is a range from three to 10 Ohm.cm (Yimao Wan et al. 2). Larger area covered by a single cell has been analyzed to the extent of a 12.5 * 12.5 cm2. Dimensions are a critical aspect of design. It will determine the amount of light falling on the plate and hence the total output voltage. Research is going on to determine the best cell arrangement that optimally increases that the reception of light rays

The Victorian World and the Underworld of Economics Essay - 1

The Victorian World and the Underworld of Economics - Essay Example Marx predicted the immiseration of the working class and eventual collapse of capitalism but this did not happen. Instead, wages kept increasing during Victorian Age and the working hours shortened thus transforming proletariat into petty bourgeoisies (p. 170). Malthus went underworld due to arithmetical absurdity of his idea of ‘general glut’ while the utopians were deemed to be talking nonsense which was not â€Å"economics† (p. 177-178). Edgeworth (1845-1926) introduced the concept of quantities and applied mathematics to economics but his work was rejected as it ignored the human factor thus it went underworld. Bastiat on the other hand, added humor to economics and was a defender of free trade but still went underworld. Henry George (1839-1897) was a very popular economist in England and the U.S especially due to his book Progress and Poverty (1879) which indicated that the true cause of poverty and industrial depression was land rent (Heilbroner, 1999, p. 187). He argued that rent brought about not only hardships for capitalists but also workingmen hence was an injustice. He believed rent was a social extortion that led to speculation in land values hence economic depression or â€Å"paroxysms† (p. 187). The only solution to the problem of depression was a single massive tax on land equal to its rent. This would eliminate all other taxes hence raise wages and capital earnings. It would also â€Å"abolish poverty, lead to remunerative employment for all, purify government and afford free scope to human power† (p 187-188). He also advocated taking away land from owners even if it meant war as, â€Å"there was never a holier cause† (p.189). Though his work was a worthy successor to Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations it went into underworld of economics due to lack of logic; industrial depression cannot be blamed on land speculation as evidence shows severe depressions do occur in countries where land values are not inflated. John Hobson was concerned

Rhetorical analysis of Ha-Joon Chang's My Six-Year-Old Son Should Get Essay

Rhetorical analysis of Ha-Joon Chang's My Six-Year-Old Son Should Get a Job - Essay Example Chang begins the essay with an appeal from a unanimous father that his six-year-old son should get a job like other millions of children. The father justifies his appeal saying that the child one day is going to enter the adult world of survival, that is why; the sooner is the better. Chang expresses this thought through a bold sentence â€Å"I should make him quit school and get a job.† This technique immediately delivers the expected answer. Chang expresses it, â€Å"I can hear you say I must be mad. Myopic. Cruel. You tell me that I need to protect and nurture the child.† Chang’s explains this is how the noble rich societies are going to criticize a father who wishes to send the six-year-old child to the job. Ha-Joon Chang with the above approach received his readers’ attention and achieved the goal. He then delivers the key concept of his article â€Å"This absurd line of argument is in essence how free-trade economists justify rapid, large-scale trad e liberalization in developing countries.† Chang used literary analogy to achieve his goal and to establish his case to his audience. Devolved countries while do not morally approve sending a six-year-old child to the job, at the same time, care less if developing countries industries are forced to enter into an unequal battle because of free-trade economic policies. Chang, again uses analogy to explain the future economic conditions that these countries will eventually be facing due to free trade policies, â€Å"If I drive Jin-Gyu into the labor market at the age of six, he may become a savvy shoeshine boy or even a prosperous street hawker, but he will never become a brain surgeon or a nuclear physicist -- that would require at least another dozen years of my protection and investment.† Again, this is how Chang argues against the implementation of free trade policies in developing countries. After establishing his case to the audience, Chang starts proving the case. H e uses the term infant industries for developing countries and compares it to the process of bringing up of children by parents. Chang’s principal advocacy revolves around rendering protection to the infant industries. He also knows that he has to face opponents’ views that express governments can be over protective, and industries can manipulate for prolong government protection through clever lobbying. Chang explains that the policy needs to be used wisely (â€Å"My Six Year Child Should Get a Job†). In the process of defending his case, Chang uses historical facts. He juxtaposes current infant industries of developing countries with that of United States in the late 18th century. In this respect, Chang refers to the thoughts and proposals of Alexander Hamilton, the United States first Secretary of Treasury. At the age of 33, Alexander Hamilton, declares that a backward country like the US should protect its 'industries in their infancy' from foreign competiti on and nurture them to the point where they could stand on their own feet (â€Å"My Six Year Child Should Get a Job†). This is Chang’s core concept towards today’s free trade policies with respect to the developing countries economies. Hamilton proposed a series of protective measures to achieve the